Quantitation 242 INDEX

Overall orientation is understood as the joint arrangement of all the structural elements of the crystalline phase and noncrystalline part of the fiber in relation to the geometrical axis of the fiber. In its essence, the overall orientation of PET fibers, as a result of the crystalline and amorphous orientation, will be characterized by smaller values of the quantitative index of orientation than for the crystalline phase and by greater ones for the amorphous phase. 

As for the tenacity, which describes the fiber s resistance to the action of the tensile force, the quantitative index assumed most often is the tensile strength (crj (cN/tex). For the quantitative assessment of tenacity an index of mechanical long life (t) is used, proposed by Zurkow and Abasow [46,47]. This index defines the time after which, when applying a definite tensile strength and a definite temperature, the fiber breaks. 

So fares toxicity risk through Inhalation is concerned, which is the most common under normal working conditions, a quantitative index of toxicity is suggested on p.140. 

Calibration curve quality. Calibration curve quality is usually evaluated by statistical parameters, such as the correlation coefficient and standard error of estimate, and by empirical indexes, such as the length of the linear range. Using confidence band statistics, curve quality can be better described in terms of confidence band widths at several key concentrations. Other semi-quantitative indexes become redundant. Alternatively, the effects of curve quality can be incorporated into statements of sample analysis data quality. 

A quantitative index describing the effect of the absence or presence of molecular oxygen on the rate of glycolysis or fermentation ... 

Thioxanthenes differ structurally from phenothiazine in that the nitrogen atom of the central ring of the tricyclic system is replaced by carbon, which is joined to a side chain with a double bond. Their pharmacological action is similar to the corresponding phenothiazine analogues. They have the exact mechanism of action and an analogons effect on the CNS. Drugs of this series differ from one another by quantitative indexes. 

Combining Eqs. (3) and (4), we can conclude that product water of approximately 1 mg/cm2 is a criterion for successful self-startup. As shown with Eqs. (3) and (4), the temperature increase is proportional to the product water, and therefore, the product water from the fuel cell operation, Am o, is considered a quantitative index to measure the cold-start performance. 

Middleton MC, Pratt I. 1977. Skin water content as a quantitative index of the vascular and histologic changes produced in rat skin by di-n-butyltin and tri-n-butyltin. J Invest Dermatol 68 379-384. 

Catella E Healy D, Lawson JA, FitzGerald GA. I I -Dehydroth-romboxane B2 a quantitative index of thromboxane A2 formation in the human circulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986 83 5861-5865. 

The activation properties of CaMKII have been well documented in vitro and are understood in considerable molecular detail. In contrast, much less is known about CaMKII activation kinetics in intact cells that display complex and localized Ca2+ transients as well as phosphatase activities that reverse autophosphorylation events. Using autonomous activity as a quantitative index of CaMKII activation, we have... 

This equation states that the percentage increase in viscosity of a sus-pensoid is constant for a constant increase in the volume percent of the solid. If this increase is taken to equal unity (02 — 0i = 1), an expression is obtained which evaluates the percentage change in viscosity for a one percent increase in the volume percent of the solid. Traxler et al state that this expression is a quantitative index of the stabilizing ability of a solid that is... 

All enamine systems involve a resonance interaction between the lone pair of the nitrogen atom and the n orbital of the ethylene system which is obviously influenced by the presence of substituents whose effect is especially marked if the structural alteration results in the loss of planarity of the enamine system. It would thus be of interest to develop a quantitative index for the strength of such interaction. One such index could be the difference between the ionization potentials assigned to the fragments, which will increase with the increase in the resonance between them. In principle, they could indeed be linearly related. 

At best, this approach provides a quantitative index to solvent polarity, from which absolute or relative values of rate or equilibrium constants for many reactions, as well as absorption maxima in various solvents, can be derived. Since they reflect the complete picture of all the intermolecular forces acting in solution, these empirical parameters constitute a more comprehensive measure of the polarity of a solvent than any other single physical constant. In applying these solvent polarity parameters, however, it is tacitly assumed that the contribution of intermolecular forces in the interaction between the solvent and the standard substrate is the same as in the interaction between the solvent and the substrate of interest. This is obviously true only for closely related solvent-sensitive processes. Therefore, an empirical solvent scale based on a particular reference process is not expected to be universal and useful for all kinds of reactions and absorptions. Any comparison of the effect of solvent on a process of interest with a solvent polarity parameter is, in fact, a comparison with a reference process. 

Keywords Ecology, Plant Availability, Quantitative Index, Traditional Knowledge, Use Value. 

Another study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of tafluprost, latanoprost, and travoprost on optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow in rabbits [42], A quantitative index of blood flow, squared blur rate (SBR), was determined with the laser speckle method, when 50pl of 0.0015% tafluprost, 0.005% latanoprost, or 0.004% travoprost were topically administrated once a daily for 28 days. After 28 days administration of tafluprost, latanoprost, and travoprost, the trough SBR values became 111.9 3.9%, 107.2 + 4.3% and 106.7 3.5%, respectively, compared with the value before administration. Sixty minutes after final administration on day 28, the SBR value with tafluprost, latanoprost, and travoprost become 116.1 + 3.5%, 106.1 3.0%, and 104.2 3.7%, respectively, compared with the value before administration. These results indicate that topical administrations of these compounds stably increase the ONH blood flow in rabbits. The magnitude of increase in ONH blood flow produced by tafluprost was greater than that of latanoprost or travoprost. 

Referring once more to the effect of the aqueous medium composition upon the relative hydrophobicity of biological solutes, the correlation relationship establish-ecj io3,u6) between the effects of the medium ionic composition on the relative hydrophobicity of serum albumins of various origin and on that of erythrocytes from the same species should be noted. The ionic strength value of the medium in the aqueous ficoll-dextran biphasic system has been used as a quantitative index of the ionic composition of the system, and the ionic composition was varied from 0.11 M phosphate buffer to 0.15 M NaCl in 0.01 M buffer at pH 7.4 116). Partition coefficients of cells in an aqueous polymeric biphasic system are determined as the ratio of a number of the cells in the phase to that of the cells present at the interphase 90). Specific features of the partition behavior of cells in aqueous biphasic systems are discussed in detail elsewhere (see, e.g., Ref. 90 91). It has been established 116) that erythrocytes of different species are distributed in the aqueous ficoll-dextran biphasic system according to the following equation ... 

Besides the visual evaluation from the agglomeration test, the volatile-matter content was chosen as the quantitative index of pretreatment severity. Operating experience with the hydrogasifier showed that minimum coal pretreatment must reduce the volatile matter to 24-26%. Various aspects of pretreatment are discussed in more detail below. 

The A function, defined by Eq. (2.4), provides a semi-quantitative index of the relative contribution of interfacial adsorption to retention on a packed column ... 

The plasminogen activation assay is based on the release of plasminogen activator from primary rabbit corneal epithelial cells as a quantitative index of toxicity. A high conrclalion between plasminogen activation and known in vivo eye irritating potential was demonstrated by Bagley etal. (1994). 

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