INDEX defined

The elasticity of a fiber describes its abiUty to return to original dimensions upon release of a deforming stress, and is quantitatively described by the stress or tenacity at the yield point. The final fiber quaUty factor is its toughness, which describes its abiUty to absorb work. Toughness may be quantitatively designated by the work required to mpture the fiber, which may be evaluated from the area under the total stress-strain curve. The usual textile unit for this property is mass pet unit linear density. The toughness index, defined as one-half the product of the stress and strain at break also in units of mass pet unit linear density, is frequentiy used as an approximation of the work required to mpture a fiber. The stress-strain curves of some typical textile fibers ate shown in Figure 5. 

It is convenient to introduce a quantity A, which will be called the hardening index, defined by... 

As for the tenacity, which describes the fiber s resistance to the action of the tensile force, the quantitative index assumed most often is the tensile strength (crj (cN/tex). For the quantitative assessment of tenacity an index of mechanical long life (t) is used, proposed by Zurkow and Abasow [46,47]. This index defines the time after which, when applying a definite tensile strength and a definite temperature, the fiber breaks. 

Fig. 8-7 Three principal ratios control the style of runoff generation prevalent in a landscape (1) ratio of rainfall intensity to the infiltration capacity of the soil (2) ratio of bedrock conductivity to soil conductivity and (3) the topographic index defined by the ratio of the upslope drainage area to the ground slope. HOF = Horton overland flow SOF = saturation overland flow SSS = subsurface stormflow GWR = groundwater flow.

Figure 5. The horizontal axis shows the value of fragility as computed from the thermodynamics by the RFOT theory, and the vertical axis contains the fragility directly measured in kinetics experiments. Here m is the so-called fragility index, defined according to m = [(ilogjoi(7 )/(i(l/7 )]j,. m is somewhat more useful than the fragility D, because deviations from...

Thus, the Martonne aridity index defines not only climatic parameters but also vegetational ones. Seasonality of precipitation is another climatic factor that affects desert and steppe boundaries. For a given mean annual temperature, the boundary of a steppe will extend into wetter climates if its precipitation falls mainly in the summer. This is because summer evapotranspiration depletes soil moisture more thoroughly than winter evapotranspiration. For similar reasons, the size of a desert will be larger if its precipitation falls in the summer rather than in the winter (Monger et al., 2004). 

When normalized against the total solids added M, this gives a nonuniformity index defined as... 

Note that the bond order index defined by Mayer accounts for the covalent contribution to the bond (this is why of late it is often mentioned as shared electron pair density index, SEDI). As such, the index cannot be expected to produce the integer values corresponding to the Lewis picture if a bond has a significant ionic contribution. The bond order index defined in this way measures the degree of correlation of the fluctuation of electron densities on the two atoms in question [7]. 

The unitless quantity in eq 14, CpTh/ChTp, is the so-called nonflammability index defined by the authors using the atom content of H or P in the two electrolyte components and their boiling points, respectively. Qualitatively, this equation is of general significance... 

The therapeutic index defined in this manner is a very crude estimate of safety... 

L Length of a pipe or tube, ft. n Flow behavior index, defined by Eq. (3), dimensionless n Flow behavior index defined by Eq. (19), dimensionless... 

Comparison of different responses underlies the useful parameter, therapeutic index, defined as follows ... 

Devotees of the use of standard rubbers then finally express the result as an abrasion resistance index defined by ... 

The risk index defined in Equation 6.1 (see Section 6.2.1) is intended to provide a measure of the potential risk that arises from disposal of any waste that contains hazardous substances. In Section 6.3, the general definition of the risk index is elaborated and recommendations on suitable approaches to calculating the risk index for individual hazardous substances are presented. For purposes of developing a comprehensive and risk-based waste classification system, a simple method of calculating the risk from disposal of mixtures of hazardous substances is needed. The method must take into account that the allowable concentrations of particular hazardous substances in waste of a given class generally will be lower when multiple substances are present than when only a single substance is present. Such a method is presented and discussed in this Section. 

Fig. 7 also compares the values of the experts judgement index with the corresponding Canadian PEEP index values (see Chapter 1 of this volume). It shows that the value differences for both indexes are minor and suggests that the index defined in this work was a good estimator of an expert consensus. 

A measure of the broadness of a polymer s molecular weight distribution is the polydis-persity index defined by... 

The intermittent nature of the local solids flow behavior in a riser can be quantified on the basis of the intermittency index defined as [Brereton and Grace, 1993a]... 

M 1] [P 1] The mixing index, defined via coefficients of the electric field, increased as a function of the field strength for DC operation and then approached a plateau at about 7 105 V mT1 [91]. As threshold value for initiation of mixing a field intensity of 2 105 V m-1 was detected. 

The index defined by Eq. (3.13) has a value from zero for the no separation state to unity for the perfect separation state ... 

The relationship between substrate and product for A9-desaturase is reflected by the desaturase index, defined as [RA -t- (RA + VA)] (Kelsey et al., 2003). The desaturase index in milk fat represents a proxy for A9-desaturase and a several-fold range is observed among individuals. This is discussed in Section 3.5.2, but provides a strong indication that there are genetic differences among individuals with respect to this enzyme. 

Pellets were removed and prepared for histological examination as previously described (37). An arbitrary "induction index", defined as the mean fractional area represented by induced cartilage, (IC) and induced bone (IB), was used to characterize the elicitation of osteoblastic activity by the DBP. A summary of the results of these experiments is presented in Table II. At 6 and 17 weeks following implantation of the DBP significant bone formation is observed in the C rats. No cartilage was apparent in the 2 week specimens from the L rats. At 6 and 17 weeks some induced bone was present. At no time throughout the course of experiments did the DBP elicit formation of either cartilage or bone in the Hn-deplete rats. 

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