Quadrupole ion trap -time of flight mass spectrometer

Martin, R. L. Branda, E. L. Analysis of high mass peptides using a novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 1358-1365. 

Quadrupole ion trap—time-of-flight mass spectrometer 2005 QitTof MS 0.9 Syage, 11.3.4... 

Quadrupole ion trap, time of flight, mass spectrometer Quantum yield Research and development Reversal electron attachment detection Remote environmental monitoring units Remote explosive scent tracking Radio frequency Ragnar s Homemade Detonators Receiver operator characteristics (a graphical portrayal of Pd and Pfp)... 

Chapter 19 A Quadrupole Ion Trap/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer Combined with a Vacuum Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption... 

Doroshenko, V. M. Cotter, R. J. A quadrupole ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a parabolic reflectron. J. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 33, 305-318. 

Besides the triple quadrupol instruments, other types of mass spectrometers might be used as well. Examples for these types of instruments are ion traps, time of flight mass spectrometers and also single quadrupol mass analyzers. Due to the characteristic and specific advantages and disadvantages of different instrument types, the overall assay performance (e.g. sensitivity, dynamic range and selectivity) may vary quite a bit from one instrument type to the other. 

Ijames, C.F. A proposed two dimensional quadrupole/electrostatic ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Proc. 44th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Portland, Oregon, 1996. 

B. Warscheid, K. Jackson, C. Sutton, and C. Fenselau. MALDI Analysis of Bacilli in Spore Mixtures by Applying a Quadrupole Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometer. Anal. Chem., 75(2003) 5608-5617. 

Fig. 8.1.1 Simple illustrations of a various mass spectrometers, a The triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (top panel). The middle set of quadrupoles are part of the collision cell (CC) and do not perform mass separation. MSI and MS2 indicate the first and second quadrupole mass separation devices, respectively. The bold arrow shows the path of ions, b Ion-trap mass spectrometer (middle left). The charged sections of the ion trap are not elliptical as drawn, but rather hyperbolic. The diagram is also two-dimensional, whereas the ion trap is three-dimensional. The ion path is such that ions enter the device and are trapped until a specific voltage ejects these ions, c Time of Flight mass spectrometer with a Reflectron (middle left). Ions are separated by the time it takes to pass through the instrument. The Reflectron improves/focuses the ions, d Hybrid Tandem mass spectrometer (bottom). The diagram shows that a quadrupole instrument can be combined with a different type of mass spectrometer, forming a tandem hybrid instrument...

Nakanishi T, Ohtsu I, Furuta M, Ando E, Nishimura O. Direct MS/MS analysis of proteins blotted on membranes by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-quadrupole ion trap-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer. J Proteome Res 2005 4 743-747. 

Warscheid B, Jackson K, Sutton C, Fenselau C. MALDI analysis of Bacilli in spore mixtures by applying a quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer. Anal Chem. 2003 75 5608-17. 

Mass analysers A mass analyser is used to separate ions in a mass spectrometer. The most popular ones used today are quadrupoles, ion traps, time-of-flight (TOF), Fourier transform MS (FTMS) and hybrids based on the combination of these. 

B magnetic sector E = electric sector Q = quadrupole mass filter ToF = time-of-flight mass spectrometer IT = ion trap FTICR = Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron resonance. 

Mass spectrometers are used not only to detect the masses of proteins and peptides, but also to identify the proteins, to compare patterns of proteins and peptides, and to scan tissue sections for specific masses. MS is able to do this by giving the mass-to-charge ratio of an ionized species as well as its relative abundance. For biological sample analysis, mass spectrometers are connected to an ionizing source, which is usually matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) [14], surface-enhanced laser desorption/ioni-zation (SELDI, a modified form of MALDI) [15], or electrospray ionization [16]. These interfaces enable the transfer of the peptides or proteins from the solid or liquid phase, respectively, to the gas (vacuum) phase inside the mass spectrometer. Both MALDI and electrospray ionization can be connected to different types of mass analyzers, such as quadrupole, quadruple-ion-traps, time of flight (TOF), or hybrid instruments such as quadrupole-TOF or Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance. Each of these instruments can... 

Boyd, R.K., Tandem mass spectrometry quadropole and hybrid instruments, Metftodi nzymo/. 193, 154-200, 1990 Jonscher, K.R. and Yates, J.R., 111, The quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry — a small solution to a big challenge. Anal. Biochem. 244, 1-15, 1997 Chemushevich, I.V., Loboda, A.V., and Thomson, B.A., An introduction to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom. 36, 849-865, 2001 Ens, W. and Standing, K.G., Hybrid quadrapole/time-of-flight mass spectrometers for analysis of biomolecules. Methods Enzymol. 402,49-78, 2005 Payne, A.H. and GUsh, G.L., Tandem mass spectrometry in quadrupole ion trap and ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers. Methods Enzymol. 402, 109-148, 2005. 

To attain higher resolution than can be achieved with a quadrupole, the final mass analyzer in a tandem MS system can be a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Sector mass spectrometers can also be combined to give tandem systems. Ion cyclotron resonance and ion-trap mass spectrometers can be operated in such a way as to provide not just two stages of mass analysis, but n stages. Such MS" systems provide the analysis steps sequentially within a single mass analyzer. These have been combined with LC systems in LC/MS" instruments. 

FIGURE 4.5 The five mass spectrometers commonly used for proteomic research, (a) ESI triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer (b) ESI quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer (c) MALDI time-of-flight mass spectrometer. 

SM Michael, BM Chien, DM Lubman. Detection of electrospray ionization using a quadrupole ion trap storage/reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Anal Chem 65 2614, 1993. 

In addition to the number of types of spectrometers available for measuring ion mobility, numerous instruments are available for measuring mass. Thus, IMS-MS is combinatorial in nature. IMS instruments have been interfaced to quadrupole (Q) MSs, ion trap MSs, time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MSs), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MSs, and most recently a Waters Synapt G-2 MS containing a quadrupole ion filter with a TW-IMS coupled with a TOF-MS. With these various IMS-MS configurations, high-resolution IMS-MS, IMS-MS, IMS-MS, IMS-MS-IMS-MS, IMS-MS -IMS-MS, and IMS-MS-IMS-MS spectrometry has been demonstrated. In the following sections, each type of ion mobility-MS is described. 

The precursor ion selection, fragmentation, and product ion analysis can be separated in space or in time, as shown in Figure 1.29. Separation in time requires trapped ions, as available in the quadrupole ion trap or the ion cyclotron resonance trap. Separation in space necessitates at least two physically distinct mass analyzing devices, one for precursor ion selection (MS-1) and one for product ion analysis (MS-2). The simplest in-space tandem instruments are the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ), the double-focusing sector tandem mass spectrometer (EB or BE), and the reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In a triple quadrupole, the first and third quadrupoles (Q) are mass analyzers, while the center quadrupole iq) serves as the collision cell. In sector instruments, a collision cell is situated... 

The role of the mass analyzer is to separate ions according to their miz values and to focus and transfer these ions onto a detector, or into a collision cell in multianalyzer instruments (see later). The mass analyzer is the heart of all mass spectrometers (block 3 in Figure 1.2). The choice of which analyzer to use is critical as it affects multiple aspects of the data generated, including mass resolution, mass measurement accuracy, and available dynamic range. There are several types of analyzer quadru-pole (Q), ion trap (quadrupole (QIT) or linear (LIT) ion trap), time-of-flight (TOF),... 

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