Homemade detonator

To illustrate how improvised explosives are often related to historically rejected formulations a sampling of the anarchist literature will be utilized. The small cross section examined will consist of Guerrilla s Arsenal (GA) [8], Improvised Munitions Black Book Vol. 1 (BB1) [9], Ragnar s Homemade Detonators (RHD) [10], and FMX The Revised Black Book (FMX) [11], It should be stressed that this small cross section examined represents only a fraction of the readily available information accessible through the Internet. These examples are utilized solely to show the overlap of historical explosive formulations and current terrorist recipes. More examples of current-day usage of these improvised materials will be included in the next sections of this chapter. 

Both TATP and HMTD have been applied by terrorist groups worldwide in the production of homemade detonators. TATP is, however, seen in more instances. Examples of improvised caps can be seen in Figure 3.10. The photograph gives an illustration of the standard paper detonators (in this case produced from yellow lined paper and Christmas tree bulbs) and also shows a variety produced from syringes. The detonators in the photograph were recovered in Amman, Jordan. 

Quadrupole ion trap, time of flight, mass spectrometer Quantum yield Research and development Reversal electron attachment detection Remote environmental monitoring units Remote explosive scent tracking Radio frequency Ragnar s Homemade Detonators Receiver operator characteristics (a graphical portrayal of Pd and Pfp)... 

Benson, R. Ragnar s Homemade Detonators How to Make Em, How to Salvage Em, How to Detonate Em, Paladin Press, Boulder, CO, 1993. 

Erythritol tetranitrate is a melt-castable, high-performance nitrate ester explosive that has recently become important due to its use in homemade explosives. We have investigated the detonation behavior of ETN using cylinder tests and small diameter unconfined rate sticks. Similar performance properties were observed between ETN and the closely related nitrate ester, PETN detonation velocities for the two... 

Unlike commercial blasting caps, homemade caps can be made as needed and then be boosted by inclusion of extra detonating material. These more powerful caps work well with sleepy homemade or mili tary-grade explosives, both of which can be quite difficult to detonate. 

In preparation for this book, 54 prototype blasting caps were constructed. Most went off with a nice report, but none would detonate commercial explosives. Despite numerous attempts to compress or enclose the primary mixtures, all were too slow to do the work. Most provided enough power to throw pieces of dynamite horn shattered cartridges, but they simply would not detonate the powder. And experienced explosives handlers know that, compared to military or homemade C-4 or any other military explosive, commercial dynamite is relatively easy to detonate. 

As mentioned, safety fuze is difficult and dangerous to home-build. Unreliability of homemade fuze raises the risk, in the opinion of most handlers, to unacceptable levels. What follows relates only to electrical detonating caps. 

Launcher, rocket 25, grenade 81 Machine pistols 74 Magazine as weapon 20 Measuring 26 Metal, to blacken 8 Mine, claymore 40, contact 78, detonator 84, placing 77 Missle, homemade 48 Mortars 18, 24 Ninja tools 20 Nunchaku 8 Pistol, plastic 37 Powder, explode with electricity 6 Reloading 82... 

In July 2005, London was subjected to a series of terrorist attacks Bombs exploded on the public transport network at rush hour. Three bombs were detonated on trains in the London Undergroimd and one was detonated on the upper deck of a bus. It was initially thought that military-grade plastic explosives had been used in the attack on 7 July because it appeared that the explosions had been synchronised. However, it was later determined that the bombs were homemade devices consisting of triacetone triperox-ide (TATP). TATP is a peroxide-based explosive that is highly susceptible to shock, heat, and friction and is one of if not the most sensitive explosives known (Bubnikova et al. 2005). 

One of the first reports of a forensic analysis of TATP in the United States came following an accidental detonation of a homemade TATP explosives device [41]. The TATP was analyzed by direct insertion probe-mass spectrometry (DIP-MS) with El, as well as methane and... 

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