Qatar

Parent Company Qatar General Petroleum (Qatar) 

Address P.O. Box 24200 Doha Qatar Phone +974 473 8435 Fax +974 473 8165 E-mail linkage rasgas.com.qa Web site www.rasgas.com 

The main foreign trade partners for Qatar are Japan, the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy. Oil export accounts for 80% of total export. 

The overland oil field of Qatar is in Duhan. About 2.2 billion barrels of petroleum is concentrated there. It should be remembered that the proven petroleum reserve of Qatar is about 3.7 billion barrels. More than 1.5 billion barrels of petroleum are concentrated in six shelf oil fields (Bui Hanan, Meydan Mahzam, Id Al-Shargi, Al-Shahin, Al-Rayan and Al-Halig). Practically all extracted petroleum from Qatar is exported to the countries of Southeast Asia. 

Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 

Imported Inorganic Chemical Elements, Oxides and Halogen Salts in Qatar, 2002 

Country of Origin Rank Value (000 US ) % Share Cumulative % 

Source Philip M. PARKER, Professor, INSEAD, copyright 2002, www.icongrouponline.com 

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Figure 1.1 illustrates the diversity of products derived from petroleum classified according to their distillation ranges and number of carbon atoms. From one crude to another, the proportions of the recovered fractions vary widely. A good illustration is the gasoline fraction (one of the most economically attractive) a crude from Qatar gives about 37 per cent by volume whereas a Boscan crude oil only yields 4.5%. 

The most important commercial use of ethane and propane is in the production of ethylene (qv) by way of high temperature (ca 1000 K) thermal cracking. In the United States, ca 60% of the ethylene is produced by thermal cracking of ethane or ethane/propane mixtures. Large ethylene plants have been built in Saudi Arabia, Iran, and England based on ethane recovery from natural gas in these locations. Ethane cracking units have been installed in AustraHa, Qatar, Romania, and Erance, among others. 

Turboexpander compressor Ethylene Plant QGPC, Qatar 99.95... 

The report also includes a list of other similar tank collapses six in the U.S. in the period 1978-1986 (p. 102). A similar incident involving a liquefied propane tank occurred in Qatar in 1977 (see Section 8.1.5). 

In 1977. the technical press reported that a major leak from a 20,000-m liquefied propane tank in Qatar had ignited and that the resulting fire and explosion had killed seven people and caused extensive damage to the rest of the plant [18]. There had also been a leak the year before, but it had not ignited, and the tank had been repaired. The propane was stored at -42°C and atmospheric pressure. No detailed report on the incident was issued, for legal reasons, but a member of the company concerned published several papers [19-21], which gave new recommendations for t,he construction of tanks for refrigerated LFG, and it is thus possible to read between the lines and surmise what probably happened. 

At Qatar, the liquid came out with such force that it spilled over the dike wall. Conventional dike walls also have the disadvantage that a large area of liquid is exposed to the atmosphere if a leak occurs. For these reasons it is now usual to surround cryogenic storage tanks with a concrete wall, about 1 m from the tank and the full height of the tank. If the tank is not made from crack-resistant material, then the concrete wall should be designed to withstand the effects of a sudden release of liquid. 

Qatar General Petroleum (Qatar) Sasol Chemical (South Africa)... 

Parent Company Qatar General Petroleum Inc. (Qatar)... 

All of the world s major economies, as well as scores of smaller, low-income nations, rely mainly on hydrocarbons. Crude oil now supplies two-fifths of the world s primary energy (Table 1). There are distinct consumption patterns in the shares of light and hea vy oil products the United States burns more than 40 percent of all its liquid fuels as gasoline, Japan just a fifth and the residual fuel oil accounts for nearly a third of Japanese use, but for less than 3 percent of the U.S. total. Small countries of the Persian Gulf have the highest per capita oil consumption (more than 5 t a year in the United Arab Emirates and in Qatar) the U.S. rate is more than 2.5 t a year European means arc around 1 t China s mean is about 120 kg, and sub-Saharan Africa is well below 100 kg per capita. 

These products can be fairly easily processed into high-quality diesel and jet fuel in theory, any source of carbon can be used to generate synthesis gas. These facts along with the growing need for petroleum alternatives have renewed interest in FT synthesis. During the twentieth century, the FT process was used to produce fuels from coal in large and costly reactors. Recently, this megasize approach has been applied to world-scale GTL plants in Qatar. However, to tap abundant biomass resources and stranded natural gas reserves, a smaller scale, yet economically viable, FT process is needed. 

Everett, B. M., Eisenberg, B., and Baumann, R. F., Advanced Gas Conversion Technology A New Option for Natural Gas Development, presented at the First Doha Conference on Natural Gas, Doha, Qatar (1995)... 

Co-LTFT Sasol Slurry Bed Supported Co Slurry bubble column 2007 Oryx, Ras Laffan, Qatar... 

AGC-21 A process for converting natural gas to liquid fuels in three stages generation of syngas in a fluidized bed, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a slurry bubble column reactor, and hydrocracking. Piloted in 1997 and proposed for installation in Qatar. 

Nevertheless the age-old problem of balancing will not go away. Chlorine cannot be stored so if demand falls there has to be a rate cut eventually or wholesale conversion of EDC back to the 3 cent per pound level. At the other extreme, caustic soda cannot be put into inventory for ever. Caustic soda at the 30 level implies high chlorine values, which implies better use of the chlorine, especially where FICl is a co-product. Again, looking into the future, more isocyanate and epichlorohydrin units will be tagged on to the vinyl chain as is projected for China and Qatar in the twenty-first century. This ought to minimise the amount of co-product caustic produced (see Fig. 1.7). 

North America, Europe, Saudi Arabia and Japan. Europe has gradually dropped out of the contract. While Australia has bought from Korea and Indonesia from time to time the contract supplies are restricted to those countries mentioned above. That will change as the Qatar plant comes on stream in 2001. Should the Pilbara project in... 

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