Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry py-GC-MS

Techniques are available to quantify the generation of smoke, toxic and corrosive fire products using the NBS Smoke Chamber (15), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS) (J 6), FMRC Flammability Apparatus (2,3,5,17,18), OSU Heat Release Rate Apparatus (13) and the NIST Cone Calorimeter (JJO. Techniques are also available to assess generation of 1) toxic compounds in terms of animal response (19), and 2) corrosive compounds in terms of metal corrosion (J 7). In the study, FMRC techniques and AMTL PY-GC-MS techniques were used. 

Schulten et al. [16] identified the following N-containing compounds in NH-N fractions separated from several soils by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) pyrrole (la), methyl pyrrole (lb), pyridine (IVa), methylpyridine (IVb), indole (Via), and benzothiazole (XI). The Roman numerals refer to the chem-... 

Milczarek, J., Dziadosz, M., Zigba-Palus, J. Way to distinguish car paint traces based on epoxy layers analysis by pyrolysis - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Chemia Analityczna 54, 173-185 (2009)... 

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) A pyrolysis technique in which the volatile pyrolysates are analysed by on-line gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 

Mass spectrometers are used as detectors in gas chromatography offering the capability of compound quantitation and identification with exceptionally good sensitivity. For this reason, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) is an excellent tool for polymer analysis. When a pyrolyser is used at the front end of the chromatograph, no special problems related to the GC/MS analysis are really added. 

Cellulose pyrolysis has been studied in detail from a variety of points of view mainly related to chemical utilization of wood pyrolysis products or to fire related problems. Analytical pyrolysis of cellulose is not often used as a tool for cellulose detection, but it is a common procedure for studying the pyrolysis products. A variety of analytical procedures have been applied for this study, pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) being the most common [11-16]. Besides Py-GC/MS, other analytical procedures also have been utilized, such as Py-MS [17,18], Py-IR [19], and off-line Py followed by HPLC [20]. The Py-MS spectrum of cellulose was shown in Figure 5.4.1 (B). Some procedures applied GC/MS on derivatized pyrolysis products (off-line), the derivatization being done by silylation [21], permethylation, perbenzoylation [22], etc. Information about cellulose also has been obtained from the analysis of pyrolysis products of several cellulose derivatives, such as O-substituted cellulose [23]. Also the study of cellulose crystalline structure with X-ray during pyrolysis has been used [23a] to generate information about the pyrolysis mechanism. 

Curie-point Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). 

HS is generally recalcitrant to any analytical approach, and its chemical structure can only be analyzed after it is broken into low molecular weight compounds by some kinds of degradation. Among the various methods, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) is currently most commonly used, in which HS is thermally degraded by pyrolysis, the pyrolysate is separated by a gas chromatogram column, and identihed by mass spectrometry. 

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PY/GC/MS) of the asphaltenes was achieved in the manner described elsewhere (14). The amount of the asphaltene fraction volatilized was determined by weighing the pyrolysis tubes after a sequence of experiments. 

A narrow view of this mission would include only the use of analytical pyrolysis techniques (e.g., pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (Py-MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS)) to identify and measure contaminants in samples of outdoor air, soils, sediments, water, and biota. In order to include interesting and useful applications of analytical pyrolysis techniques that otherwise might not be mentioned in the other chapters of this handbook, a broader view of environmental applications will be used to include such topics as the use of analytical pyrolysis to gain an understanding of natural enviromnental processes, such as the conversion of plant materials into soil, coal, and petroleum hydrocarbons. This subject was included in a recent review paper describing the use of analytical pyrolysis for environmental research. Several other review papers contain references pertinent to environmental analysis. ... 

The chemical characterization of forensic evidence from a crime scene or the criminal has some different requirements from that of many other types of chemical analysis. High sensitivity is important because the quantity of material for examination is often limited to minute traces found at the scene. The material under scrutiny must be characterized as comprehensively as possible to ensure maximum discrimination from other material in the same class. Forensic laboratories are multiinstrument facilities required to deal with many types of evidence found at a crime scene therefore, the routine methods used should preferably employ relatively inexpensive instrumentation. In order to protect integrity, samples should be analyzed as received if possible and any workup minimized. The method should preferably not be labor intensive. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) have proven to be an effective means of satisfying these requirements in many forensic science laboratories. - ... 

This entry examines several recent advances in pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The use of anal3dical pyrolysis coupled to GC/MS in polymer studies has greatly increased in the past few years because of the hyphenation between a technique permitting a fast thermal program to yield volatile fragments with a powerful tool for their identification. The classical application of Py C/MS to thermoplastics has been extended recently to thermosets and even to hiopolymers and biocomposites. The use of these techniques to study alternative methods for waste treatment has also been considered as an important and recent feature, showing possibilities for further improvement in the amount of its applications. A brief overview on the identification of polymer additives by Py-GC/MS has also been carried out. 

Isemura and co-workers [59] carried out stereoregularity studies on PS using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). They detected tetramers and pentamers, and found that the minimum requirement for a disastereoisomer is the inclusion of more than two asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule. 

In recent years pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) has been widely used for the separation and identification of the volatile pyrolysis products of polymers and can be considered as the most convenient method to detect simultaneously the presence of decomposition products qualitatively and quantitatively 589987. Evolved gas analysis (EGA) performed by using a GC coupled with a mass-selective detector offers a number of advantages for the decomposition study. The number of peaks seen in the total... 

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