Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass

RECENT ADVANCES IN POLYMER ANALYSIS BY MODERN PYROLYSIS-GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMTERY (Py-GC/MS)... 

G. Chiavari, N. Gandini, P. Russo, D. Fabbri, Characterisation of standard tempera painting layers containing proteinaceous binders by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Chromatographia, 47, 420 426 (1998). 

Bonaduce I., Colombini M.P., Characterisation of beeswax in works of art by gas chromato graphy mass spectrometry and pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry procedures, Journal of Chromatography A, 2004, 1028, 297 306. 

T. Learner, The analysis of synthetic paints by pyrolysis gas chromatography, mass spectro metry (PyGCMS), Stud. Conserv., 46, 225 241 (2001). 

N. Gallois, J. Templier and S. Derenne, Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry of the 20 protein amino acids in the presence of TMAH, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 80, 216 230... 

M. Carbini, R. Stevanato, M. Rovea, P. Traldi and D. Favretto, Curie point pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the art field. 2. The characterization of proteinaceous binders, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10, 1240 1242 (1996). 

H. Ling, N. Maiqian, G. Chiavari and R. Mazzeo, Analytical characterization of binding medium used in ancient Chinese artworks by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Microchem. J., 85, 347 353 (2007). 

L. Osete Cortina and M.T. Domenech Carbo, Analytical characterization of diterpenoid resins present in pictorial varnishes using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry with on line trimethylsilylation, J. Chromatogr., A, 1065, 265 278 (2005). 

K.B. Anderson and R.E. Winans, Nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere. I. Evaluation of pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry for the analysis of natural resins and... 

M.J. Casas Catalan and M.T. Domenech Carbo, Identification of natural dyes used in works of art by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry combined with in situ trimethylsilyla tion, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 382, 259 268 (2005). 

H. Mestdagh, C. Rolando, M. Sablier and J. P. Rioux, Characterization of ketone resins by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 64, 2221 2226 (1992). 

Techniques are available to quantify the generation of smoke, toxic and corrosive fire products using the NBS Smoke Chamber (15), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC-MS) (J 6), FMRC Flammability Apparatus (2,3,5,17,18), OSU Heat Release Rate Apparatus (13) and the NIST Cone Calorimeter (JJO. Techniques are also available to assess generation of 1) toxic compounds in terms of animal response (19), and 2) corrosive compounds in terms of metal corrosion (J 7). In the study, FMRC techniques and AMTL PY-GC-MS techniques were used. 

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. In the experiments, about 2 mg of sample was pyrolyzed at 900°C in flowing helium using a Chemical Data System (CDS) Platinum Coil Pyrolysis Probe controlled by a CDS Model 122 Pyroprobe in normal mode. Products were separated on a 12 meter fused capillary column with a cross-linked poly (dimethylsilicone) stationary phase. The GC column was temperature programmed from -50 to 300°C. Individual compounds were identified with a Hewlett Packard (HP) Model 5995C low resolution quadruple GC/MS System. Data acquisition and reduction were performed on the HP 100 E-series computer running revision E RTE-6/VM software. 

Characterization of Their Sources by Low-Level Radiocarbon Counting and Pyrolysis/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere, T. Novakov, ed., University of California, Berkeley, p. 36, 1978. 

Schulten H-F, Schnitzer M. Structural studies on soil humic acids by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Soil Sci. 1992 153 205-224. 

Thermogravimetric methods such as pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used to characterize hydrocarbon sludges from polluted soils [10]. In combination with conventional extraction and supercritical fluid extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, over 100 constituents were identified in soil samples. Thermogravimetric analysis-mass spectrometric results distinguished between the release of a component by thermosorption and by pyrolysis. 

Figure 2.2 shows the total ion current trace and a number of appropriate mass chromatograms obtained from the pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the polluted soil sample. The upper trace represents a part of the total ion current magnified eight times. The peak numbers correspond with the numbers mentioned in Table 2.1 and refer to the identified compounds. The identification was based on manual comparison of mass spectra and relative gas chromatographic retention times with literature data [34, 35] and with data of standards available. In some cases unknown compounds were tentatively identified on the basis of a priori interpretation of their mass spectra (labelled tentative in Table 2.1). 

The Curie Point flash evaporation-pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometric method [32] described in section 2.2.1.2 for the analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in soils has also been applied to the determination of heteroaromatic compounds (Table 2.2) such as methyledene, isomeric methylidenes, biphenyl and methylbenzofurans. 

Thomas etal. [72] used pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as a fast economic screening technique for polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Thomas used reverse-phase liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry for the determination of polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles in sediments. 

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