Pyrolysis Curie point

In practice, sample carriers in the form of loops, coils or simple wires made of different alloys at fixed temperature intervals are used. Ferromagnetic metal foils (Pyrofoil ) are available for 21 different pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 160 °C to 1040 °C (JAI Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). In this case, the sample gets crimped into the metal foil using a dedicated tool before analysis (Oguri and Kirn, 2005). 

A potential disadvantage of Curie point pyrolysis is the longer TRT compared with the direct resistively heated foil pyrolysis. The temperature rise time of up to 200 ms to reach the Curie point is significantly slower and depends on the 

Quantitative determinations using pyrolysis benefit particularly from the selectivity of GC-MS detection. The precision is comparable to that of liquid injections. 

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DeLuca, S. Sarver, E. W. Harrington, P. d. B. Voorhees, K. J. Direct analysis of bacterial fatty acids by Curie-point pyrolysis tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62,1465-1472. 

Goodacre, R. Shann, B. Gilbert, R. J. Timmis, E. M. McGovern, A. C. Alsberg, B. K. Kell, D. B. Logan, N. A. Detection of the dipicolinic acid biomarker in Bacillus spores using Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 2000,72,119-127. 

Kurkiewicz, S. Dzierzewicz, Z. Wilczok,T. Dworzanski, J. P. GC/MS determination of fatty acid picolinyl esters by direct Curie-point pyrolysis of whole bacterial cells. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2003,14, 58-62. 

Figure 15.2 Curie-point pyrolysis Temperature profile and Curie points of typical ferromagnetic alloys used.

Kajioka, R. Tang, P W. Curie-point pyrolysis mass-spectrometry of Legionella species. /. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1984, 6, 59-68. 

Goodfellow, M. Freeman, R. Sisson, R R. Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry as a tool in clinical microbiology. Zbl. Bakt. 1997, 285,133-156. 

Nilsson,T. Bassani, M. R. Larsen,T. O. Montanarella, L. Classification of species in the genus Penicillium by Curie point pyrolysis/mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis and artificial neural networks. J. Mass Spectrom. 1996, 31, 1422-1428. 

M. Carbini, R. Stevanato, M. Rovea, P. Traldi, D. Favretto, Curie point pyrolysis gas chromato graphy mass spectrometry in the art field. The characterization of proteinaceous binders, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10, 1240 1242 (1996). 

Figure 11.1 shows the pyrogram of lead white pigmented linseed oil paint obtained at 610 °C with a Curie-point pyrolyser, with on-line methylation using 2.5% methanolic TMAH. The pyrolyser was a Curie-point pyrolysis system FOM 5-LX, specifically developed at FOM Amolf Institute (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), to reduce cold spots to a minimum. This means that the sample can be flushed before pyrolysis in a cold zone, and it also ensures optimum pressure condition within the pyrolysis chamber, thus guaranteeing an efficient transport to the GC injection system [12]. 

Figure 11.1 Py/methylation GC/MS chromatograms of lead white pigmented linseed oil paint after 610 °C Curie point pyrolysis assisted with on line methylation using 2.5% methanolic TMAH (the sample and TMAH solution was applied onto a rotating Curie point wire pyrolysis time 6 s, interface 180°C). 1, heptenoic acid, methyl ester 2, heptanoic acid, methyl ester 3, butenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 4, butanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 5, octenoic acid, methyl ester 6, octanoic acid, methyl ester 7, pentenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 8, pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 9, nonanoic acid, methyl ester 10, hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 11, decanoic acid, methyl ester 12, heptanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 13, octanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 14, 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester 15, a methyl octanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 16, nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 17, a methoxy octanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 18, a methyl nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 19, a,a dimethyl nonenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 20a, a methyl nonenedioic acid, dimethyl ester 20b, a,a dimethyl nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 21, decanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 22, a methoxy nonanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 23, a methyl decan edioic acid, dimethyl ester 24, undecanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 25, a methoxy decan edioic acid, dimethyl ester 26, pentadecanoic acid, methyl ester 27, dodecanedioic acid, dimethyl ester 28, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester 29, heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester 30, octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 31,8 methoxy 9 octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 32, 11 methoxy 9 octadecenoic acid, methyl ester 33, 9 methoxy 10 octadecenoic acid and 10 methoxy 8 octadecenoic acid 34, 9 oxo octadecanoic acid, 10 oxo octadecanoic acid 35, 9 epoxy octadecanoic acid 36, eicosanoic acid, methyl ester 37, 9,10 dimethoxy octadecanoic acid, methyl ester 38, docosanoic acid, methyl ester. Reprinted from J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 61, 1 2, van den Berg and Boon, 19, Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier...

J.D.J. van den Berg and J.J. Boon, Unwanted alkylation during direct methylation of fatty (di)acids using tetramethylammonium hydroxide reagent in a Curie point pyrolysis unit, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 61, 45 63 (2001). 

Comparison of pyrolysis times for Curie-point pyrolysis and furnace pyrolysis. 

Schulten H-F, Schnitzer M. Structural studies on soil humic acids by Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Soil Sci. 1992 153 205-224. 

Pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (CpPy-CC/MS) of soils... 

Andrasko J. 1983. The collection and detection of accelerant vapors using porous polymers and Curie point pyrolysis wires coated with active carbon. J Forensic Sci 28(2) 330-344. 

Seven Argonne Premium coal samples ranging from lignite to low volatile bituminous in rank were analyzed by Pyrolysis-Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Py-FIMS) in order to determine the existence and structural nature of a thermally extractable "mobile phase". In addition, Curie-point Pyrolysis-Low Voltage Mass Spectrometry (Py-LVMS) was employed to demonstrate the importance of mild oxidation on the thermally extractable mobile phase components. 

Figure 8. Time-resolved TII profiles of a Hiawatha seam (hvBb) coal obtained by Curie-point pyrolysis in combination with low voltage EIMS.

Curie point pyrolysis mass spectrometry has also been valuable in providing information about the chemical types that are evolved during the thermal decomposition of coal (Tromp et al., 1988) and, by inference, about the nature of the potential chemical types in coal. However, absolute quantification of the product mixtures is not possible, due to the small sample size, but the composition of the pyrolysis, product mix can give valuable information about the metamorphosis of the coal precursors and on the development of the molecular structure of coal during maturation. However, as with any pyrolysis, it is very important to recognize the nature and effect that any secondary reactions have on the nature of the volatile fragments, not only individually but also collectively. 

Quenea, K., Derenne, S., Gonzalez-Vila, F. J., Gonzalez-Perez, J. A., Mariotti, A., Largeau, C. (2006a). Double-shot pyrolysis of the non-hydrolysable organic fraction isolated from a sandy forest soils (Landes de Gascogne, South-West France)—Comparison with classical Curie-point pyrolysis. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 76, 271-279. 

Schulten, H.-R., and Gortz, W. (1978). Curie-point pyrolysis and field ionization mass spectrometry of polysaccharides. Anal. Chem. 50,428-433. 

Sorge, C., Schnitzer, M., and Schulten, H.-R. (1993). In-source pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry and Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of amino acids in humic substances and soils. Biol. Fertil. Soils 16,100-110. 

Fig. 12. Total ion current trace of the Curie-point pyrolysis gaschromatography mass spectrometry run of fossil sheath tubes isolated from the Solar Lake cyanobacterial mat sediments (Boon, 1984) 521...

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