Paintings tempera

O.F. van den Brink, J.J. Boon, P.B. O Connor, M.C. Duursma, and R.M.A. Heeren, Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometric analysis of oxyge nated triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines in egg tempera paint dosimeters used for environ mental monitoring of museum display conditions, J. Mass Spectrom., 36, 479 492 (2001). 

G. Chiavari, N. Gandini, P. Russo, D. Fabbri, Characterisation of standard tempera painting layers containing proteinaceous binders by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Chromatographia, 47, 420 426 (1998). 

L. Masschelein Kleiner, An Improved Method for the Thin Layer Chromatography of Media in Tempera Paintings, Studies in Conservation, 1, 207 211 (1974). 

In positive ion mode, the characteristic peaks representative of the binding media were fatty acids from lead soaps (of palmitic acid at m/z 461 463 and of stearic acid at m/z 489 491). Other peaks corresponding to mono- and diacylglycerol cations, protonated stearic acid or its acylium ions could be found in the spectra of the reference products but not in the paint sample. The spectrum of lead white egg tempera paint exhibits peaks of phosphocholine (m/z 184) and protonated ketocholesterol (m/z 401). These peaks were not found in the spectrum from the cross-section. In negative ion mode, the spectrum of the oil... 

Why are frescoes painted in the seventeenth century with egg tempera paint still visible and beautiful today ... 

Each artist has a favorite medium that best fits his or her needs. Following is a short description of various paint media—watercolor, egg tempera paint, oil paint, and acrylic paint—and their advantages and disadvantages. A discussion of poster paint (or tempera paint), suitable for school use, is also included. 

Tempera paint, often called poster paint, is a student-grade, water-based paint suitable for school use, especially in the lower grades. The advantages of poster paint outweigh the disadvantages ... 

Egg yolk acts as an emulsion and makes the paint water soluble. It does not yellow, crack, or darken the paint. Egg tempera paints are more permanent than paints mixed with any other binder. 

More often, modern artists use canvas supports for their paintings and coat their canvases with gesso. In 1979, Andrew Wyeth used such a canvas to paint Braids, a portrait of a woman. Interestingly, he used egg tempera paints similar to those used hundreds of years ago. 

In Activity 3.3 you will experiment with nonobjective art using the gesso grounds prepared in Activity 3.2 and egg tempera paint prepared in Activity 2.5. Egg tempera was used by many artists in Europe during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Today, it is still used by some artists, notably Andrew Wyeth. In this technique, egg yolk is mixed with distilled water to form a binder, and a pigment is added to make egg tempera paint, which is applied to a gesso ground. 

Students will mix pigment with egg yolk and distilled water to prepare egg tempera paint (or use prepared egg tempera paint). 

Egg yolks, pigments (see below), powdered or liquid tempera (poster paint) in assorted colors, and distilled water, or egg tempera paint prepared in Activities 2.3-2.5 gesso grounds prepared in Activity 3.2 narrow-width paintbrushes with soft bristles paper towels mixing trays water containers pencils. 

If egg tempera paints remain from Activity 2.5, they should be used. If not, follow Activity 2.5 to prepare egg tempera paints. (In Activity 2.5, students combined pigments with binders to make paints.) These paints will be blue (cobalt carbonate pigment), deep blue (azurite pigment, 2CuC03 Cu(0H) 2), and black (carbon pigment). 

New and/or different color egg tempera paints can be prepared as follows ... 

Handmade paper tempera paint (poster paint) oil or egg tempera paint prepared in Activity 2.5 paintbrushes mixing trays water containers water construction paper, newspaper, magazine pages, and other available paper bits of cloth, thread, and other materials scissors glue 12-x-18-in. collage ground, such as cardboard. 

Use paint prepared in Activity 2.5, as well as tempera paints, to paint an image on a piece of handmade paper. The shape or contour of the handmade paper may suggest an animal or object. Try to create an interesting unit of painted paper. 

The plaster may be colored, if desired, by adding a small amount of liquid tempera paint to the mixture. 

Activity 3.3 Nonobjective Art Egg Tempera Paint on a Gesso Ground.. 131 Support for the Artist Paper.132... 

Uses Fluorescent pigment in water-based coatings and inks ind. textile Inks, latex paints, tempera paint, flexo Ink, gravure Ink, paper coatings, seed coatings... 

Chem. Descrip. Gum Arabic CAS 9000-01-5 EINECS/ELINCS 232-519-5 Uses Binder, flavor carrier, adhesive for foods, confections, soups glazing agent for bakery glazes, pet food glazes binder for tempera paints Features Dust-free rapid hydration Regulatory Kosher... 

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