Purchasing sources

By frequently contacting pharmaceutical companies to find out the requirements from the purchasing/sourcing department and the trends in the types of chemistries and molecules that may be coming from R D departments and published in the literature, the agent can approach various... 

Similarly, where a purchased source code is used or modified, the vendor s attention should be directed to AS3563. Vendors should be asked to provide written assurance that software development or modification has followed the quality management system of that Standard or of an equivalent system. 

President Managing Director Chief Financial Officer Purchasing/Sourcing Director Sales Director Import/Export Director QC Manager Rish Manager Someone else No one... 

In industrial markets, too, the same pressures on purchasing source loyalty seem to be at work. It is perhaps not surprising that as more and more companies adopt just-in-time strategies, with minimal inventories, they require even higher levels of response from suppliers. The demand is for ever shorter delivery lead times and reliable delivery. The pressure on suppliers is further increased as these same customers seek to rationalise their supplier base and to do business with fewer suppliers. Becoming a preferred supplier in any industry today inevitably means that a high priority must be placed on delivering superior customer service. 

It should be noted that a number of different enzyme preparations can now be purchased directly from manufacturing chemists. It must be emphasised that the activity of an enzyme, whether purchased or prepared in the laboratory, may vary between rather wide limits. The activity is dependent on the source of the enzyme, the presence of poisons and also on the temperature. It appears, for example, that the quality of horseradish peroxidase depends upon the season of the year at which the root is obtained from the ground. It cannot be expected therefore that all the experiments described below will work always with the precision characteristic of an organic reaction proceeding under accurately known conditions. 

Gaussian is designed to execute as a batch job. It can readily be used with common batch-queueing systems. The program may be purchased as source code or executables and comes with hundreds of sample input and output files. These may be employed as examples of how to construct inputs. They may also be employed to verify that a compilation from source code was successful. In our experience, such verification is essential. 

Urea is conveniently obtained as a constituent of many fertilizers and so it is easily obtained. Sources have indicated that a 501b bag can be purchased for 15 in the US. It is of less than ideal purity from this source, so some washing will be in order (with what ). Glacial Acetic Acid is easily obtained from photographic supply stores in high purity and for cheap as well. This reaction produces Acetamide with such purity that the product does not... 

Budgeting. These changes in the storage and retrieval of chemical information requite that Hbraries and information centers now consider not only what should be purchased but also what monies should be allocated for the purchase of information in nonprint formats such as CD-ROMs (compact disk read-only memory) and on-line databases. Coupled with this is budgeting for the cost of hardware and software to enable the rapid and cost-effective deHvery of needed information (15). The geometric increase in sources, both printed and on-line, has increased the role of information speciaHst as an expert in the deHvery of chemical information. Retrieval from increasingly diverse and complex sources becomes the paramount issue for searchers of chemical Hterature in the 1990s. 

The recycle weapons fuel cycle rehes on the reservoir of SWUs and yellow cake equivalents represented by the fissile materials in decommissioned nuclear weapons. This variation impacts the prereactor portion of the fuel cycle. The post-reactor portion can be either classical or throwaway. Because the avadabihty of weapons-grade fissile material for use as an energy source is a relatively recent phenomenon, it has not been fully implemented. As of early 1995 the United States had purchased highly enriched uranium from Russia, and France had initiated a modification and expansion of the breeder program to use plutonium as the primary fuel (3). AH U.S. reactor manufacturers were working on designs to use weapons-grade plutonium as fuel. 

Wood Residuals. Chips, sawdust, and other residuals such as planar shavings are used as a primary source of fiber for some pulp mills. Chips are screened and placed in a purchased chip pile. Sawdust and other residuals obtained from wood processing plants must be cooked separately and requite special digesters and handling equipment. These materials may also be burned as hog fuel. 

Fats and oils are treated as commodities in the open market and are purchased in bulk. As commodities, their prices fluctuate with supply and demand. Furthermore, fats and oils come in different grades that reflect different levels of processing and have industry-standardized specifications such as the American Fats and Oil Association. In the manufacture of soap in the United States, the source of animal fats is domestic whereas the vegetable oils are frequently obtained from Southeast Asia, primarily Malaysia and the Philippines. 

Residual alloying elements such as copper, nickel, or tin are usually considered undesirable. Their main source is purchased scrap. Because of the generally high consumption of hot metal in the basic-oxygen process, the residual alloy content is usually sufficiently low, depending on the quaUty of the purchased scrap. 

A critical but often overlooked aspect of the technical service function is the value of relationships that develop between more senior members of the technical service staff and their coUeagues at customer sites. Professional relationships provide value both to suppHer and customer by virtue of the tmst and respect generated in a successhil technical service interaction, analogous to the types of mutuaUy valuable relationships that can develop between suppHer sales personnel and a customer s purchasing personnel. A more efficient process of gathering and dispersing new and usehil technical information can result from these relationships, because the persons involved work in different environments and are exposed in the course of their work to different external sources of information. 

Calcium Hypochlorite. This chemical, marketed since 1928, is one of the most widely used swimming-pool water sanitizers. Calcium hypochlorite, a crystalline sofld, is a convenient source of available chlorine and is sold in granular or tablet form for use in home, semiprivate, and commercial pools. When dissolved in water, Ca(OCl)2 forms hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion similar to NaOCl. It contains small amounts of stabilizing Ca(OH)2, which has a very small effect on pool pH (7). Calcium hypochlorite has superior storage stabiUty and much higher available CI2 concentration than Hquid bleach, which reduces storage requirements and purchasing frequency. 

The nature of the goods for which the mark is used or intended to be used is an essential element in determining the likelihood of confusion between otherwise similar marks. If goods bearing similar marks are of such a nature that a purchaser or prospective customer would be likely to assume that the goods have a common source of origin, then a basis for confusion exists. 

The best direct synthetic route to uracil is probably the classical procedure from malic acid and urea in concentrated sulfuric acid (26JA2379), despite efforts to use maleic acid, urea and polyphosphoric acid (71S154) or propiolic acid, urea and a little concentrated sulfuric acid (77JOC2185) to achieve the same result. However, the most convenient source (apart from purchase) is to convert 2-thiouracil (937 X = S) into uracil by boiling with aqueous chloroacetic acid (52MI21300) or perhaps by oxidation with DMSO in strong sulfuric acid (74S491). 

A positive value of any term in Eq. (9-177) implies an increase in working capital, and a negative value a decrease. For example, the sale of fixed assets such as plant, buildings, land, etc., is a source of cash, and the purchase of fixed assets uses up cash. Similarly, an increase in financial resources in the form of loans and stock and bond issues is a source of cash, and a decrease in financial resources in the form of repayment of loans, retirement of stocks and bonds, and the payment of cash dividends uses up cash. (Note that a stock dividend as opposed to a cash dividend does not use up cash.)... 

This complex should be used when the organolithium is in solution in a hydrocarbon solvent. For organolithium reagents prepared in ether (see Note 4), the same complex may be used or, more conveniently, copper iodide (Cull can be used. The Cul purchased from Prolabo or Merck 4 Company, Inc. may be used directly. Other commercial sources of Cul (Fluka, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc., Alfa Products, Morton/Thiokol, Inc.) furnish a salt which affords better results when purified. 1 mol of Cul is stirred for 12 hr with 500 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, then filtered on a sintered glass funnel ( 3), washed twice with 50 ml of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, once with 50 ml of anhydrous ether and finally dried under reduced pressure (0.1 imO for 4 hr. 

Gaskets, turbine carbon packing, and mechanical seal parts can be purchased from local sources. Shafts, sleeves, cast parts can be purchased from... 

Once the sizes of the major equipment items are known, there are several ways to get the cost of each. By far the most accurate is to get quotations from vendors. This is difficult to do in the early stages of a project because many equipment details are not known. Also, the time between making the preliminary study and purchasing the equipment is so long that the quotation ages, and vendors cannot afford to prepare quotations on every preliminary study. However, many vendors are very cooperative in providing verbal prices or " estimating quotations. Often, the vendor is the only source for accurate cost information. 

If utilities are supplied to the new project from some other source, the cost and amount must be determined. If purchased from a second party, the cost will be determined by contract and can be estimated by discussions with the vendor. If utilities are transferred from an affiliated source, the cost must include a profit to the supplying entity. Some estimators use a lower return on utility plants than on a new hydrocarbon processing unit, since the utility can be used for some alternate plant if the new one shuts down for any reason. However, the preferred analysis allows a high enough utility transfer price to provide the same return on the utilities as the new unit being studied. This can require a trial and error approach, especially if the utilities are a significant part of the selling price of the product. 

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