Carbon packings

Gaskets, turbine carbon packing, and mechanical seal parts can be purchased from local sources. Shafts, sleeves, cast parts can be purchased from... 

Figure 9-15B. Typical metal hold-down plate for use with ceramic or carbon packing. Note It rests directly on top of the packing bed-limiters are similar in design in metal or plastic, bolted to column wall above packing. Used by permission Norton Chemical Process Products Corp., Bull. TA-80.

Figure 9-46. Physical property corrections for liquid hold-up for ceramic packing and carbon packing (as noted). Reproduced by permission of A/.C/r.E. Jour., Shulman, H. L., Wells, N., Ullrich, C. F., and Proulx, A. Z., V. 1, No. 2 (1955) p. 259 all rights reserved.

Figure 4. Density of the powder activated carbons (packing density ( ) and tap density ( )) versus the total micropore volume Vpp (N2).

CH3I As vapour from vacuum apparatus 1 Carbon pack 25 Grass 0.01 Atkins et at. (1967)... 

K. K. Unger, Porous carbon packings for liquid chromatography, Anal. Chem., 55 361A (1983). 

There has been much recent interest in the development of column packings for RPLC that can be used over a wider pH range. Potential materials include organic polymers, carbon packings and (modified) alumina. Clearly, such stationary phases will be most relevant for the separation of basic solutes. 

The distinguishing features of gas chromatography are a gaseous mobile phase and a solid or immobilized liquid stationary phase. Liquid stationary phases are available in packed or capillary columns. In the packed columns, the liquid phase is deposited on a finely divided, inert solid support, such as diatomaceous earth or porous polymer, which is packed into a column that typically has a 2- to 4-mm id and is 1 to 3 m long. In capillary columns, which contain no particles, the liquid phase is deposited on the inner surface of the fused silica column and may be chemically bonded to it. In gas-solid chromatography, the solid phase is an active adsorbent, such as alumina, silica, or carbon, packed into a column. Polyaromatic porous resins, which are sometimes used in packed columns, are not coated with a liquid phase. 

Each individual bed may be designed to include a number of carbon-packed towers in parallel. The diameter of the individual towers must all be the same, and the diameter may be 6, 9, 12, or 15 ft. 

This leads to a group of electrodes in which porous carbonaceous material itself provides the active materials. The carbon aerogels [18, 398, 399] are representative of this phenomenon. Storck have developed a mathematical model for the potential distribution in an activated-carbon packed-bed electrode [450]. An intraparticle porosity as well as an interparticle macroporosity are treated. It is a general problem... 

The expectation that graphitized carbon-packing material would show high chemical stability over the entire pH range (pH=0-14), and ultimate hydrophobic properties, led to a number of investigations in this area. There... 

Tanaka, N. Tanigawa, T. Kimata, K. Hosoya, K. Araki, T. Selectivity of carbon packing material in comparison with octadecylsilyl- and pyrenylethylsilylsilica gels in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1991, 549, 29-41. 

Uhdeova and Rezl [172] determined oxygen in organic substances by reaction-frontal GC. The method involves pyrolysis of the sample in a stream of helium, conversion of the oxygen-containing products to carbon monoxide on nickel-coated carbon packing at 1050°C, and oxidation of the produced hydrogen and carbon monoxide to water and carbon dioxide on copper (II) oxide at 650°C. The homogenized mixture... 

The program called for testing the mechanics of igniting the bed using (a) downhole gas flame heaters (b) downhole electrical heaters, and (c) carbon packs. 

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