Pulmonary/lung cancer

Chronic Pulmonary Toxicity Chronic damage to the lungs may be due to several subsequent exposures or due to one large dose that markedly exceeds the capacity of pulmonary defense, clearance, and repair mechanisms. Chronic pulmonary toxicity includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. The single most important reason for chronic pulmonary toxicity is tobacco smoke, which induces all types of chronic pulmonary toxicity, with the exception of fibrosis. 

Pulmonary disease, small-cell lung cancer, head trauma, stroke, central nervous system infections, pituitary surgery, prolactinoma, severe nausea, psychiatric disease, and postoperative state... 

The signs and symptoms of lung cancer can be classified as pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and paraneoplastic. These classifications relate to disease progression. 

Signs and symptoms of lung cancer can be classified into three subdivisions pulmonary, extrapulmonary, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Distinguishing between these classes of symptoms is important because it can aid in determining the severity of the disease, guide treatment options, and affect prognosis. 

Inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis have been associated with an increased risk for lung cancer, thus justifying assessments ofgenotoxic events possibly accompanying CNT exposure. However, the results obtained to date are not consistent. 

Lomustine (CCNU) -nitrosourea alkylating agent cell cycle independent -bone marrow suppression (delayed, prolonged, and cumulative) -nausea and vomiting -pulmonary fibrosis Lung Cancer... 

Cigarette smoking is responsible for about 80% of lung cancer cases. Other risk factors include exposure to respiratory carcinogens (e.g., asbestos, benzene), genetic risk factors, and history of other lung diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis). 

Gross, P., R. T. P. DeTreville, E. B. Tolker, M. Kaschak, and M. A. Babyak (1967). Experimental asbestosis the development of lung cancer in rats with pulmonary deposits of chrysotile dust. Arch. Environ. Health 15 343-355. 

Welders are typically exposed to a complex mixture of dust and fume of metallic oxides, as well as irritant gases, and are subject to mixed-dust pneumoconiosis with possible loss of pulmonary function this should not be confused with benign pneumoconiosis caused by iron oxide. Although an increased incidence of lung cancer has been observed among hematite miners exposed to iron oxide, presumably owing to concomitant radon gas exposure, there is no evidence that iron oxide alone is carcinogenic to man or animals. ... 

Cohort and case control analyses of 1576 workers found no statistically significant associations between titanium dioxide exposure and risk of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and chest roentgenogram abnormalities. No cases of pulmonary fibrosis were observed among titanium dioxide-exposed employees. 

Skillud, D. M., Offord, K. P., and Miller, R. D. (1987). Higher risk of lung cancer in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A prospective matched controlled study. Ann. Int. Med. 105, 503-507. 

Raithel HJ, Schaller KH, Akslen LA, et al. 1989. Analyses of chromium and nickel in human pulmonary tissue. Investigations in lung cancer patients and a control population under special consideration of medical expertise aspects. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 61 507-512. 

Solitary pulmonary nodule Lung cancer (NSCLC) Esophageal cancer Colonrectal cancer... 

Smoking leads to respiratory problems other than lung cancer. It causes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and lower resistance to flu and pneumonia. It worsens asthma symptoms in adults and children. As these problems persist, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, airway obstruction) develops. Eighty to 85% of deaths due to COPD are from smoking. The role of nicotine in chronic lung diseases such as COPD, emphysema, and asthma is uncertain. However it is known that nicotine can cause an enzyme to be released which is able to destroy parts of the lungs as is seen in emphysema. 

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