Head trauma

The nitrates are used cautiously in patients witii severe hepatic or renal disease, severe head trauma, acute myocardial infarction (MI), hypotiiyroidism, and during pregnancy (Pregnancy Category C, except for amyl nitrate) or lactation. 

History of any intracranial or intraspinal surgery, serious head trauma, or previous CVA within previous 3 mo... 

Recent (within 2 mo) intracranial or intraspinal surgery, or severe head trauma... 

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), central nervous system (CNS) tumor, head trauma, CNS infection, and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia... 

Pulmonary disease, small-cell lung cancer, head trauma, stroke, central nervous system infections, pituitary surgery, prolactinoma, severe nausea, psychiatric disease, and postoperative state... 

For nearly 80% of patients with epilepsy, the underlying etiology is unknown.8 The most common recognized causes of epilepsy are head trauma and stroke. Developmental and genetic defects are the cause of about 5% of cases of epilepsy. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors, central nervous system infections, and neurodegen-erative diseases are other common causes. Other important causes of epilepsy are human immunodeficiency virus infection or neuro-cysticercosis infection, primarily occurring in Latin America. 

Pain from associated injuries (e.g., tongue lacerations, dislocated shoulder, head trauma, facial trauma)... 

Uncomplicated, with delirium, with delusions, and with depressed mood Dementia due to HIV disease Dementia due to head trauma Dementia due to Parkinson s disease Dementia due to Huntington s disease Dementia due to Pick s disease Dementia due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Dementia due to a specific general medical condition (specify) Dementia that is substance-induced Dementia due to multiple etiologies Dementia not otherwise specified... 

He has no history of medical illness, head trauma, or seizure disorder. 

Bupropion causes insomnia, nightmares, decreased appetite, anxiety, and tremors, but the most concerning adverse effect is seizures. Because of the risk for seizures, patients who should not receive the drug include those with a CNS lesion or those with a history of seizures, head trauma, or bulimia. The daily dose of bupropion should not exceed 450 mg/day, and any single dose of the immediate-release formulation should not exceed 150 mg/day Occurrences of insomnia and/or nightmares often respond to moving the last daily dose from bedtime to late afternoon.7,9,22,23... 

The patient likely will have a history of childhood-onset GH deficiency, hypothalamic or pituitary disorder, or the presence of three or four other pituitary hormone deficiencies caused by head trauma, tumor, infiltrative diseases, surgery, or radiation therapy. 

Crush injuries Extensive surgery Head trauma Multiple trauma Miscellaneous... 

Surgery, trauma—neurosurgery head trauma, CSF shunt, cochlear implant... 

The following factors have been suggested as alternatives to consider when presented with a potential case of exposure to bicyclophosphates history of epilepsy exposure to alcohol, cocaine, lead, camphor, strychnine, and/or carbon monoxide medicinals such as phenothiazines head trauma, heatstroke encephalitis, meningitis, and tetanus. 

Prior to administering antidotes or other drugs, ensure that the signs and symptoms (e.g., coma, seizures, etc.) are due to chemical exposure and not the result of head trauma or other physical injury. 

Several environmental factors may have an impact on the occurrence of the disease. Living in rural areas, drinking well water, pesticide exposure and head trauma are associated with an increased risk of developing PD, while caf-feineconsumption,takingnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and smoking appear to protect from it. 

Head trauma, CNS tumors, spinal cord injury, cerebrospinal accidents, Parkinson s disease. 

A history of head trauma with or without skull fracture or presence of a chronically draining ear is associated with pneumococcal involvement. 

The free fraction may increase as the total concentration increases, and free concentrations may be more useful than total concentrations, especially at higher concentrations or in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Protein binding is decreased in patients with head trauma. 

Morphine can cause constipation, spasms of the sphincter of Oddi, urinary retention, and pruritus (secondary to histamine release) (see Table 54-4). In head trauma patients who are not ventilated, morphine-induced respiratory depression can increase intracranial pressure and cloud the neurologic examination results. 

Perinatal insult Head trauma Environmental factors... 

The occurrence of seizures with bupropion is dose related and may be increased by predisposing factors (e.g., history of head trauma or CNS tumor). At the ceiling dose (450 mg/day), the incidence of seizures is 0.4%. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, tremor, insomnia, dry mouth, and skin reactions. It is contraindicated in patients with bulimia or anorexia nervosa. 

In all patients and ages BPPV can also be an effect of damage to the peripheral vestibular system by a head trauma, ear infection or ototoxicity. Ototoxity can be a result of different drugs or chemicals in the surrounding environment. 

Kanthan R, Shuaib A. 1995. Clinical evaluation of extracellular amino acids in severe head trauma by intracerebral in vivo microdialysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59(3) 326-327. 

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