Publishing industry techniques

Short reviews of the recent research activities into UV disinfection of water and air and of the UV treatment techniques of polluted air are enriched by the description and discussion of several selected examples of published industrial applications. Many questions related to the selection of UV processes will be answered and common pitfalls referring to UV applications addressed. 

Although the motivations for SAR research in academia and industry may differ, the techniques are largely the same. This is because the usual route for software development in the field is from academia to industry, with (increasingly) a commercial software vendor as a middleman. Over the years, CAMD methods have become much more sophisticated. At the same time, and largely because of commercial software, they can be much more easily and routinely applied. As a result, many published industrial applications have b me less orient towards the empirical prediction of activity, and more directed towards the study of receptor function and mechanism of action. This trend is certain to continue, since knowing the shape of a receptor or the mechanism of action of a particular compound makes it much easier to design new ones. 

D. D. Lee, Industrial Marketing Kesearch, Techniques andPractices, Technomic Publishing Co., Westport, Coim., 1978. 

The current widespread interest in MFC techniques was initiated by pioneering research performed by two industrial groups in the 1970s. Shell Oil (Houston, TX) reported their Dynamic Matrix Control (DMC) approach in 1979, while a similar technique, marketed as IDCOM, was published by a small French company, ADERSA, in 1978. Since then, there have been over one thousand applications of these and related MFC techniques in oil refineries and petrochemical plants around the world. Thus, MFC has had a substantial impact and is currently the method of choice for difficult multivariable control problems in these industries. However, relatively few applications have been reported in other process industries, even though MFC is a veiy general approach that is not limited to a particular industiy. 

In 1973, Richard Muther published a method of analyzing the interrelationships of activities within industrial plants, and the method allows a high degree of detail to be examined. The method proposed here is similar in that a relationship grid is constructed, but this technique employs the power of the modern desktop computer to rapidly examine alternative layouts to obtain best solutions. 

We are pleased to acknowledge our indebtedness to colleagues P. J. Baldock and A. Parker for the x-ray crystallographic studies, to P. Snowden who devised the life prediction technique, and to Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. for permission to publish this paper. 

Dilcer Jr., Samuel B. Dromgoole, Jim C. Waterside Inspecting Techniques for Industrial Boilers. Ultrapure Water, Tall Oaks Publishing, Inc., USA, November 1998. 

Latour, P., Use of steady-state optimization for computer control in the process industries. In On-line Optimization Techniques in Industrial Control (Kompass, E. J. and Williams, T. J., eds.). Technical Publishing Company, 1979. 

Barr, W. E. and Anhorn, V. J., 1949, Scientific and Industrial Glass Blowing and Laboratory Techniques Pittsburgh, Instruments Publishing Co. 

Major applications of modern TLC comprise various sample types biomedical, pharmaceutical, forensic, clinical, biological, environmental and industrial (product uniformity, impurity determination, surfactants, synthetic dyes) the technique is also frequently used in food science (some 10% of published papers) [446], Although polymer/additive analysis takes up a small share, it is apparent from deformulation schemes presented in Chapter 2 that (HP)TLC plays an appreciable role in industrial problem solving even though this is not reflected in a flood of scientific papers. TLC is not only useful for polymer additive extracts but in particular for direct separations based on dissolutions. 

Capillary electrophoresis is still in a state of evolution and a technique of choice for certain applications (chiral analysis small ion analysis in food and beverage industries bioanalysis). The number of reviews [365,858,884,889-896], books and manuals [365,897-903] published on (HP)CE/CEC/CZE in the last decade is overwhelming, in particular in relation to the importance of the technique (see also Bibliography). CE-LIFS has been reviewed [904]. 

Before undertaking a discussion of the mathematics involved in the determination of reaction rates is undertaken, it is necessary to point out the importance of proper data acquisition in stability testing. Applications of rate equations and predictions are meaningful only if the data utilized in such processes are collected using valid statistical and analytical procedures. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss the proper statistical treatments and analytical techniques that should be used in a stability study. Some perspectives in these areas can be obtained by reading the comprehensive review by Meites [84], the paper by P. Wessels et al. [85], and the section on statistical considerations in the stability guidelines published by FDA in 1987 [86] and in the more recent Guidance for Industry published in June 1998 [87],... 

In the last few years, optimization techniques have become more widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Some of these have appeared in the literature, but a far greater number remain as in-house information, using the same techniques indicated in this chapter, but with modifications and computer programs specific to the particular company. An excellent review of the application of optimization techniques in the pharmaceutical sciences was published in 1981 [20]. This covers not only formulation and processing, but also analysis, clinical chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. 

A weekly publication of the Petroleum Publishing Company. This is a business- and technology-oriented publication for the petroleum and natural gas industry. It gives marketing production and exploration studies and industrial statistics, as well as current news. There are articles on processes, processing techniques, and costs. It is oriented toward the businessman and the production engineer. 

SVA Methodologies There are several SVA techniques and methods available to the industry, all of which share common elements. The following is a list of some available SVA methodologies published by various governments, private, and trade andprofessional organizations. Some are merely chapters or sections of documents that address security or risk assessment/risk management in broader terms. Some are SVA or VA publications by themselves. Some of these methods are complete, systematic analytical techniques, and others are mere checklists. 

Grain legumes have also been processed into refined starch (10,11) and protein isolates (12,13,14) by procedures derived from the traditional corn starch and soybean protein industries (15). However, comparative data on product yields, composition and losses have not been published. A commercial plant for the wet processing of field pea into refined starch, protein isolate and refined fiber has been established in Western Canada. Little is known about the characteristics of the protein isolate or refined fiber product. Water-washed starch prepared from the air-classified starch fractions of field pea (16,17) and fababean (6) have been investigated for certain physico-chemical and pasting properties. Reichert (18) isolated the cell wall material from soaked field pea cotyledons and determined its fiber composition and water absorption capacity. In addition, the effects of drying techniques on the characteristics of pea protein Isolates have been determined (14). 

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