Psychiatric services

Percudani M, Fattore G, Galletta J, et al (1999). Health care costs of therapy-refractory schizophrenic patients treated with clozapine a study in a community psychiatric service in Italy. Acta Psyehiatr Scand > 274-80. 

Psychotic symptoms, particularly hallucinations (predominantly visual and to a lesser extent auditory), are common in DLB. Prevalence rates have varied from between 13% (Byrne et al., 1989) and 80% (McKeith et al., 1992). However, these discrepant figures may reflect the specialty setting of the clinical populations lower prevalence rates being associated with neurological services compared with psychiatric services. 

A survey on the use of antidepressive agents by an entire country s child and adolescent psychiatric services was recently conducted in Denmark (5 million inhabitants) by sending a questionnaire to all child and adolescent psychiatric departments and specialists with private practices. The response rate from all in- and outpatient clinics as well as from specialists with their own practice was 93.5%. Thirty-two departments and specialists received the survey and 30 were returned. Practitioners were asked to go through their files and report the number of children on medication and the indications for the treatment. Altogether, approximately 5000 children and adolescents were in psychiatric care (out of approximately 1 million children and adolescents in the age group 0-19 years). Of these, 400 (8%) were treated with an antidepressant on the date of the survey (February 8). 

Child psychiatry in Japan has a relatively long history of its own. In the 1950s, several medical schools started child psychiatric services in their departments of psychiatry, primarily through child psychiatrists who had trained in the United States. In 1959, clinical psychiatrists and allied professionals who were interested in mental health and disorders of children first established the Japanese Society of Child Psychiatry. This society published the first issue of the Japanese Journal of Child Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in 1960, the same year as the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in the United Kingdom, a year ahead of the Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry in the United States, and well over 30 years before European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 

Dickey B, Normand SL, Weiss RD, Drake RE Azeni H (2000). Medical morbidity, mental illness, and substance disorders. Psychiatric Services, 53, 861-7... 

Drake RE, Essock SM Shaner A (2001). Implementing dual diagnosis services for clients with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 57, 469-76... 

Osmond, H. "On Being Mad," Saskatchewan Psychiatric Services Journal 1, 63-70,1952. 

ACNP releases final task force report on antidepressant suicidahty among adolescents. (2006). Psychiatric Services, 57, 283. 

Pescosolido, B., Perry, B., Martin, J., McLeod, J., 6c Jensen, P. (2007). Stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs about treatment and psychiatric medications for children with mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 58, 613-618. 

Bipolar illness appears to be a changing illness. A comparison of psychiatric services in North-West Wales in the 1890s and the 1990s has shown that the rate of admissions increased from 4.0 every 10 years to 6.3 every 10 years (11). Similarly, the daily hospital occupancy rate for patients with bipolar affective disorder rose from 16 per million to 24 per million. While acknowledging that there have been many social changes that may have contributed to these differences, the authors suggested that current treatments leave much to be desired. Reviews of lithium treatment have reached similar conclusions, particularly regarding the effect of lithium in acute episodes (12). 

Clarkin, J., Carpenter, D., Hull, J., Wilnei P., Click, I. (1998). Effects of psychoeducational intervention for married patients with bipolar disorder and their spouses. Psychiatric Services, 49(4), 531-533. 

Olfson, M., Mechanic, D., Hansell, S., Boyer, C., Walkup, J., Weiden, P. (2000). Predicting medication noncompliance after hospital discharge among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 52(2), 216-222. 

Call, J. A., Pfefferbaum, B. (1999). Lessons learned from the first two years of Project Heartland, Oklahoma s mental health response to the 1995 bombing. Psychiatric Services, 50(7), 953-955. 

Cohen, N. L. (1997). Lessons learned from providing disaster counseling after TWA Flight 800. Psychiatric Services, 48, 461-462. 

Herman, R., Kaplan, M., LeMelle, S. (2002). Psychoeducational debriefings after the September 11 disaster. Psychiatric Services, 53(4), 479. 

Pfefferbaum, B., Gurwitch, R., McDonald, N., Leftwich, M., Sconzo, G., Messenbaugh, A., et al. (2000). Posttraumatic stress among young children after the death of a friend or acquaintance in a terrorist bombing. Psychiatric Services, 52, 386-388. 

A number of investigators have found that a rather substantial minority of people seeking psychiatric services are actually suffering from undiagnosed physical illness. The primary medical disorder either causes or contributes to the emergence of psychiatric symptoms. Let s sample a couple of studies Hall et al. (1978) carefully evaluated 658 consecutive psychiatric outpatients. These researchers found that 9 percent had medical disorders that were the primary cause of psychiatric symptoms. Koran... 

Current research seeks to further define altered drug metabolizers along ethnic and racial lines. However, since some ethnic groups traditionally underutilize psychiatric services, complete data for these populations may be difficult to obtain. 

Several other studies were also reported in the 1940s, but these were primarily reports of psychiatric problems allegedly related to marihuana use. For the most part, the patients were nearly always black. One study involved thirty-four black and one white soldiers. In another, the ratio of blacks to whites was twenty to one. At Fort McClellan, Alabama, where the ratio of recruits was seven whites to one black, fifty-five black and five white soldiers were referred for psychiatric service related to marihuana use. 

Public-health and psychiatric services are increasingly involved in the treatment of multiple-drug use. 

Tanskanen A, Hibbeln JR, Hintikka J, Haatainen K, Honkalampi K, Viinamaki H. Fish consumption and depressive symptoms in the population of northern Finland. Psychiatr Services. 

Courtesy Agricultural Research Service (ARS), US Department of Agriculture 89 Nogues Alain/CORBIS SYGMA 93 Fish Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in the General Population of Finland , Psychiatric Services, Vol. 53 (4), April 2001 97 NHSDA Serious Mental Illness Among Adults, 2002... 

Hilty, D. M., Brady, K. T., Hales, R. E. (1999). A review of bipolar disorder among adults. Psychiatric Services, 50, 201-213. 

E. F. Torrey and J. Miller, Can psychiatry learn from tuberculosis treatment Psychiatric Services, 50 1389 (November), 1999, emphasis added. 

Professor and Chairman of Psychiatry Director of Psychiatric Service Metropolitan and Flower and Fifth Hospitals and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry, Grasslands Hospital Valhalla, New York... 

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