Protect the Concept

As soon as you seriously start to think about developing a concept, begin to protect your work. Ensure that you can benefit from what you develop, and try to make it difficult for others to do so. Nearly all countries have a legal system to make this possible, but the ways are not easy or straightforward. 

There are several ways in which a firm can protect itself. These make use of three kinds of intellectual properties  

Trade secrets (or know-how) are what the name says secrets. Anything used to make or sell your product that is not disclosed to outsiders is a trade secret. This even includes things like a list of customers. You can try to keep things secret by only informing small numbers of 

Design and Development of Biological, Chemical, Food and Pharmaceutical Products J.A. Wesselingh, S. Kill and M.E. Vigild 2007 John Wiley Sons, Ltd 

Showing that an invention could be useful is usually not a problem. If it is not useful, don t patent However, showing that an invention is novel and non-obvious to people in the field of 

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The design of most process plants relies on redundant safety features or layers of protection, such that multiple layers must fail before a serious incident occurs. Barrier analysis ) (also called Hazard-Barrier-Target Analysis, HBTA) can assist the identification of causal factors by identifying which safety feature(s) failed to function as desired and allowed the sequence of events to occur. These safety features or barriers are anything that is used to protect a system or person from a hazard including both physical and administrative layers of protection. The concepts of the hazard-barrier-target theory of incident causation are encompassed in this tool. (See Chapter 3.)... 

Protect the Concept. See to it that you are allowed to produce and sell your product, while others are not. 

Product-Integrated Environmental Protection. The concept of proenvironmental protection should be distinguished from that of / mrf rtw -integrated environmental protection. The former includes the utilization of product waste (e.g., the recycling of plastics) and the development of environmentally friendly products. These measures are also part of an overall environmental protection strategy of the chemical industry [47]. They form a separate subject that is not discussed here. 

ICRP (2008) Environmental protection the concept and use of reference animals and plants, ICRP publication 108. Ann ICRP 38(4-6)... 

A 2.54-cm Styrofoam plastic foam with thermal conductivity of ca 0.03 W/ (m-K) (0.21 (Btu-in.)/(ft-b°F)) is equivalent to 61 cm of gravel. Any synthetic foam having compressive strength sufficiently high and thermal conductivity sufficiently low is effective. However, the resistance of PS-type foams to water, frost damage, and microorganisms in the sod makes them especially desirable. An interesting and important appHcation of this concept was the use of Styrofoam in the constmction of the Alaska pipeline. In this case, the foam was used to protect the permafrost. 

The Idea/Expression Dichotomy. Copyright protects the expression of ideas, but not ideas themselves. Thus copyright will not protect any procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle, or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated, or embodied (7). 

Offsets Policy Offsets were EPAs first application of the concept that one source could meet its environmental protection obligations by getting another source to assume additional control actions. In nonattainment areas, pollution from a proposed new source, even one that controls its emissions to the lowest possible level, would aggravate existing violations of ambient air-quahty standards and trigger the statutory prohibition. The offsets policy provided these new sources with an alternative. The source could proceed with construction plans, provided that ... 

A series of amides has been prepared as protective groups that are cleaved by intramolecular cyclization after activation, by reduction of a nitro group, or by activation by other chemical means. These groups have not found much use since the first edition of this volume and are therefore only listed for completeness. The concept is generalized in the following scheme ... 

The author is sure that the readers will find ample opportunity to learn from his experience and apply this information to their field of activities. The book aims to provide a bridge between the concept and the application. With this book by his or her side, an engineer should be able to apply better, design better and select better equipment for system needs and ambient conditions. It should prove to be a handy reference to all those in the field of design and application, protection and testing, production, project engineering, project implementation or maintenance, in addition to the sales and purchase of these products. 

The concept of the corrosion process, derived from the Latin corrodere (to eat away, to destroy), first appeared in the Philosophical Transactions in 1667 [2]. It was discussed in a German translation from the French on the manufacture of white lead in 1785 and was mentioned in 1836 in the translation of an English paper by Davy on the cathodic protection of iron in seawater [3]. However, almost until the present day, the term was used indiscriminately for corrosion reaction, corrosion effects, and corrosion damage. Only in DIN 50900, Part I, were these terms distinguished and defined [4] (see Section 2.1). 

Electrochemical corrosion is understood to include all corrosion processes that can be influenced electrically. This is the case for all the types of corrosion described in this handbook and means that data on corrosion velocities (e.g., removal rate, penetration rate in pitting corrosion, or rate of pit formation, time to failure of stressed specimens in stress corrosion) are dependent on the potential U [5]. Potential can be altered by chemical action (influence of a redox system) or by electrical factors (electric currents), thereby reducing or enhancing the corrosion. Thus exact knowledge of the dependence of corrosion on potential is the basic hypothesis for the concept of electrochemical corrosion protection processes. 

DUTY OF CARE The concept of the duty of care for waste is set out in Section 34 of the Environmental Protection Act (1990) which states that it is the duty of any person who imports, produces, carries, keeps, treats or disposes of controlled waste to keep that waste properly under control. 

The concept of protection of one layer of material by another as described in the previous category. Clad Metals, has been extended in a rather unique way to automotive safety glass. Ordinary window glass... 

From early cave dwellings to the well-appointed suburban homes of today, the most fundamental reason for shelter remains to provide protection from weather and other possible dangers. Beyond this most basic purpose, modern culture has forged a number of other expectations for homes, including affordability, comfort, health, durability, and peace of mind. This article explains the concepts behind energy-efficient homes—how they meet our basic needs... 

Environmental protection and resource use have to be considered in a comprehensive framework, and all of the relevant economic and natural scientific aspects have to be taken into consideration. The concepts of entropy and sustainability are useful in this regard. The entropy concept says that every system will tend toward maximum disorder if left to itself. In other words, in the absence of sound environmental policy. Earth s energy sources will be converted to heat and pollutants that must be received by Earth. The concept of sustainability has to do with... 

Condition monitoring is an established technique which has been used by capital-intensive or high-risk industries to protect their investment. The concept has developed radically in recent years largely due to advances in computerization, which offer greater scope for sophisticated techniques. These fall into three types of monitoring vibration, performance and wear debris. The last monitors particulate debris in a fluid such as lubricating oil, caused by the deterioration of a component. 

Cahoon, J. R., Bandyopadhya, R. and Tennese, L., The Concept of Protection Potential Applied to the Corrosion of Metallic Orthopaedic Implants , Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 9, 259-264 (15)75)... 

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