Propellants butane

Hydroca.rbons. Hydrocarbonsn such as propane, butane, and isobutane, which find use as propellants, are assigned numbers based upon their vapor pressure in psia at 21°C. For example, as shown in Table 2, aerosol-grade propane is known as A-108, / -butane as A-17. Blends of hydrocarbons, eg, A-46, and blends of hydrocarbons and hydrochlorocarbons orHCFCs are also used. The chief problem associated with hydrocarbon propellants is their flammabihty. 

In 1987 nonmotor fuel uses of butanes represented ca 16% of the total consumption. Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of butane and propane, typically in a ratio of 60 40 butane—propane however, the butane content can vary from 100 to 50% and less (see Liquefied petroleum gas). LPG is consumed as fuel in engines and in home, commercial, and industrial appHcations. Increasing amounts of LPG and butanes are used as feedstocks for substitute natural gas (SNG) plants (see Fuels, synthetic). / -Butane, propane, and isobutane are used alone or in mixture as hydrocarbon propellents in aerosols (qv). 

The products are available as tablets, capsules, liquids (in the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsions, gels, or injectables), creams (usually oil-in-water emulsions), ointments (usually water-in-oil emulsions), and aerosols, which contain inhalable products or products suitable for external use. Propellants used in aerosols include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are being phased out. Recently, butane has been used as a propellant in externally applied products. The major manufactured groups include ... 

Hydrocarbons have also been considered as potential propellants for pharmaceutical aerosols. To date concerns regarding flammability seem to have precluded significant developments with propane, isobutane, butane, and mixtures of these alkanes [28]. 

The propellant mixture present in the can was also detected in the headspace GC/MS analysis. These peaks eluted very early in the chromatogram and were not well separated. The propellant was a mixture primarily of propane and the isomers of butane and pentane. 

It is common for the can to contain a propellant in addition to the actual components of the air freshener mixture. Commonly, butane or propane are chosen for this purpose, although CFCs were the favoured choice in the recent past. 

Simple hydrocarbons can also be used as CFC substitutes. Hydrocarbons such as propane, 2-methylpropane (common name isobutane), and butane are efficient aerosol propellants. These hydrocarbons are stable and inexpensive, but they are extremely flammable. 

Synonyms A 21 n-Butane Butyl hydride CCRIS 2279 Diethyl EINECS 203-448 7 EINECS 270-653-6 EINECS 270-682-4 EINECS 271-032-2 HC 600 Hydrocarbon propellant A-17 LPG Liquified petroleum gas Methylethylmethane Pyrofax R 600 UN 1011. 

The EPA outlawed CFC-11 and -12 in aerosol and propellant applications because of fear of ozone depletion. They were replaced by propane and butane, highly flammable hydrocarbons. 

Inhalants are found in many commercial products and are not listed as controlled substances. They can be solvents such as toluene, found in paint thinner, degreaser, nail polish remover, gasoline, and glue propellants such as butane and propane. 

Fill the solution into spray cans with the necessary quantity of propellant (e.g., pro-pane/butane) or in a mechanical pump bottle. 

Fill in aerosol cans with propellants such as propane and butane or with manual valves. 

LPG (liquefied petroleum gas)— propane or (less commonly) butane, obtained by extraction from natural gas or from refinery processes. LPG has a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit compression and storage in a liquid state at moderate pressures and normal ambient temperatures. Pressurized in metal bottles or tanks. LPG is easily handled and readily lends itself to a variety of applications as a fuel, refrigerant, and propellant in packaged aerosols. LPG is also called LP gas and bottled gas. See natural gas liquids. 

A man habitually enjoyed the euphoric effects of inhaling whiffs of nitrous oxide in seclusion, and kept a cylinder of the gas in his sedan for that purpose. He decided to spray the faded car seats with an aerosol can of vinyl dressing (propane/butane propellant) with the windows closed. Then he had a whiff of gas from the briefly... 

Aerosols Sprays containing propellants and solvents. In the United States, spray paints contain butane and propane (aliphatic hydrocarbons), fluorocarbon, hydrocarbons, and toluene hair sprays and air fresheners contain butane, propane, and fluorocarbon aerosol spray topical pain relievers and asthma sprays contain fluorocarbon. 

Exposure to VOCs in public beauty shops can also be high. Many cosmetic products contain VOCs such as 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-butanone, acetone, terpenes, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone or phenylmethanol. In particular, hair sprays are potential sources of indoor pollutants. To estimate VOC concentrations associated with the use of beauty products, a female subject was placed in the model room described earlier and sprayed with 16.1 g hair lacquer. Propellant gases (butane, pentane), ethanol, limonene and tripropyleneglycol (isomers) were subsequently monitored in the room. Thirty minutes after the application of this product, the highest VOC concentrations were measured for ethanol (>100pg/m3)... 

Butane is found in exhausts of gasoline engines and in waste disposal sites. Butane as a gas is highly inflammable and explosive pure butane has several applications in industries and processing associated with aerosol propellants, fuel source, solvents, rubber, plastics, food additive, and refrigeration. Occupational exposure to liquefied butane by direct contact results in severe adverse effects (e.g., bums or frostbite to skin, eyes, and mucous membrane, as well as CNS depression). 

A number of compressed and liquified gases are used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants. These include nitrous oxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane, and butane. The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is restricted because of environmental pollution leading to health hazards. These have been replaced by hydrogenated fluorocarbons (HFCs), which are less likely to cause environmental pollution. 

Other Isobutane-Based Chemicals. Isobutane can be directly dehydrogenated to isobutylene by a modification of the Houdry process. This can then be converted to MTBE. The estimated use is over 1 billion lb of isobutane. Because of their inertness and higher vapor pressures, high-purity propane and butanes have become the important substitutes for fluorocarbons as aerosol propellants. Isobutane can also be used as a solvent in polymer processing, and as a blowing agent for foamed polystyrene. 

A number of liquid nitrate esters other than nitrocellulose have been recently used, including diglycol dinitrate, metriol trinitrate, and butane-triol trinitrate, of which diglycol dinitrate has been the most extensively employed. Powders prepared with it or with triglycol dinitrate are lower in calories. This fact is relevant to the service life of the gunbarrels in which these powders are utilized. Such powders are known as cold propellants . 

The term glue-sniffing derives from the abuse of adhesives which often contain solvents such as toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, or ethyl methyl ketone. These, and similar compounds, also occur in a diverse range of other commercial products which may be abused, e.g. shoe-cleaners, nail varnish, dry-cleaning fluids, bottled fuel gases (butane and propane), aerosol propellents, and fire extinguishers (bromochlorodifluoromethane). 

Aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds are found in lighter fluid and fuel gas, as well as in paint sprays, hair sprays, and air fresheners. These compounds are highly flammable and explosive. They include compounds like acetylene, butane, hexane, isobutene, and propane. Butane is often used as the propellant in aerosol sprays. 

---