Glue-sniffing

The Minnesota Antifreeze is green and thick, like its namesake. You would not want to drink it until you are trapped in your car in a snowstorm, and looking for a way to make yourself happy to die in the cold.You might want to try the antifreeze in the car first.The Minnesota Antifreeze is disgusting, and I think brain health would be an issue, if you finished one. It looks and acts more like glue-sniffing than a cocktail. 

Allison WM, Jerrom DW Glue sniffing a pilot study of the cognitive effects of longterm use. Int J Addict 19 453 58, 1984... 

Meredith TJ, Ruprah M, Liddle A, et al Diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning with volatile substances. Hum Toxicol 8 277-286, 1989 Merry J, Zachariadis N Addiction to glue sniffing. Br Med J 5317 1448, 1962 Mihic SJ Acute effects of ethanol on GABAA and glycine receptor function. Neuro-chemint 35 115-123, 1999... 

Toluene Adhesives Cerebellar degeneration with repeated high-dose exposure (glue sniffing)... 

Jain (20), in his introduction, notes that the direct injection of the blood sample does not give "ghost" or interfering peaks. The column can be used for a long time. The method is not limited to ethanol, since methanol, isopropanol, and acetone as well as toluene, methylethylketone, and xylene (associated with glue sniffing) can be quickly determined. 

DISCUSSION. Figure 10.10 shows a typical chromatogram obtained by injecting 0.5 pi of blood-isobutanol internal standard mixture. The peaks are clearly separated and sharp. Table 10.3 gives the retention and relative retention times of some common volatile compounds associated with drinkinj, diabetes, and glue sniffing. 

Solvent abuse—particularly toluene-containing products such as gasoline and glue—is common around the world. NIDA considers it an international public health concern, and notes that the problem is particularly severe in poor nations with high populations of homeless children. Some researchers have attributed the prevalence of glue sniffing in poverty-stricken countries... 

Glue sniffing exploded in Singapore between 1980 and 1991. The Central Narcotics Bureau of Singapore reported 24 cases of inhalent abuse in 1980. In 1985 the reported cases rose to 1,005. Recently, in South America, researchers found that almost a quarter of children of low-income families in Sao Paulo, Brazil, had inhaled a volatile substance at some time in their lives, and 4.9% had done so within the previous month. In Mexico, researchers who conducted a survey of street children found that 12% had started using glue regularly by the age of nine. 

Chao TC, Lo DST, Koh J, et al. 1993. Glue sniffing deaths in Singapore—volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in post-mortem blood by headspace gas chromatography. Med Sci Law 33(3) 253-260. 

Winek CL, Collom WD, Wecht CH. 1967. Fatal benzene exposure by glue sniffing. Lancet (March 25) 683. 

A 27-year-old glue sniffing woman developed sensorineural hearing loss, optic atrophy, and global brain damage (27). 

A 38-year-old man developed acute oliguric renal failure after repeated glue sniffing for about 8 hours (34). He also had severe liver damage, mild muscle necrosis, and bone marrow depression. He made a complete recovery. 

Exposure to toluene by glue sniffing during pregnancy can cause intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery, congenital malformations, and postnatal developmental retardation (53). 

Meadows R, Verghese A. Medical complications of glue sniffing. South Med J 1996 89(5) 455-62. 

Robert R, Touchard G, Meurice JC, Pourrat O, Yver L. Severe Goodpasture s syndrome after glue sniffing. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1988 3(4) 483 1. 

Carlisle EJ, Donnelly SM, Vasuvattakul S, Kamel KS, Tobe S, Halperin ML. Glue-sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis sticking to the facts. J Am Soc Nephrol 1991 l(8) 1019-27. 

Gupta RK, van der Meulen J, Johny KV. Oliguric acute renal failure due to glue-sniffing. Case report. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1991 25(3) 247-50. 

Bonzel KE, Miiller-Wiefel DE, Ruder H, Wingen AM, Waldherr R, Weber M. Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis due to glue sniffing. Eur J Pediatr 1987 146(3) 296-300. 

Moss AH, Gabow PA, Kaehny WD, Goodman SI, Haut LL. Fanconi s syndrome and distal renal tubular acidosis after glue sniffing. Ann Intern Med 1980 92(l) 69-70. 

Taverner D, Harrison DJ, Bell GM. Acute renal failure due to interstitial nephritis induced by glue-sniffing with subsequent recovery. Scott Med J 1988 33(2) 246-7. 

The term glue-sniffing derives from the abuse of adhesives which often contain solvents such as toluene, ethyl acetate, acetone, or ethyl methyl ketone. These, and similar compounds, also occur in a diverse range of other commercial products which may be abused, e.g. shoe-cleaners, nail varnish, dry-cleaning fluids, bottled fuel gases (butane and propane), aerosol propellents, and fire extinguishers (bromochlorodifluoromethane). 

Toxicity. Acetone is one of the solvents abused in glue-sniffing . Severe toxic effects have been associated with blood concentrations of 200 to 300 xg/ml a blood concentration of 550 pg/ml has been reported in a fatality. The maximum permissible atmospheric concentration is 1000 ppm. Exposure to 1600 ppm for about 15 minutes causes irritation to the eyes and nose. Up to 20 ml has been ingested without ill-effect. 

Seven children aged from 9 to 13 years, with an acute encephalopathy due to toluene intoxication from glue-sniffing were found to have blood-toluene concentrations of 0.8 to 7.7 pg/g (mean 2.3) (M. D. King et al., Br. med. J., 1981,283, 663-665). 

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