Pure explosives

Total Nitrogen Content in "Pure" Explosives by High Precision FNAA... 

Typical results are given in Table 2.1 for pure explosives which give only gaseous products. 

Dr Price mentions on p 694 that the work on relationship betw density and diameter was done in Russia (mostly on AN explosives) as early as 1945 (Ref 1). It was stated that "some pure explosives possess the capacity for a stable detonation only under the condition that their density does not exceed a certain limiting value". In later Rus works, such as of Blinov, Bobolev, etc, not only behavior of AN expls but also of DNT DNPhenol were briefly described in the book of Andreev Belyaev (Ref 4). Among the expls described, the 50/50 Amatol draws particular attention because its behavior seems to differ from those of group 1 or 2 (Ref 17, p 696)... 

G) A.D. Little, Inc. "Report on Study of Pure Explosive Compounds , Cambridge,... 

If this ratio is greater than 1.0, no sensitization by the grit particle results, but if it is less than 1.0, the grit particle effectively sensitizes the explosive because it allows the formation of hot spots of higher temperature than those created in the pure explosive (Ref 23, p 180)... 

The isothermal method for such expls as PETN, RDX, NG and Tetryl is complicated by autocatalysis to such an extent that one cannot determine the intrinsic (pure explosive) decompn rate from the logw vs t curves and their change with temperature. Hence, the results obtd by the adiabatic(sensitivity) methods may be more reliable from this viewpoint (Ref 8, p 177)... 

Thermal decomposition of pure explosives such as primary explosives lead azide, lead styphnate, mercury fulminate etc. [35], monomethylamine nitrate [36] and explosive mixtures RDX + HMX mixtures [37]. 

Report on the Study of Pure Explosive Compounds,Cambridge,Mass,v 4(1952), 541(C)... 

See 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl-(l-methylol)propyl-nitramine Nitrate] 7)A.D.Little,Inc, Report on Study of Pure Explosive Compound, Cambridge,Mass,.v 4(1952) Compd No 305, p 586(Part of rept is unclassified)... 

Fig 17 Computed Gurney velocity, [2(E0—Ej)], as a function of the characteristic velocity, [1.44po0] (mm/jusec), for C—H—N—0 explosives at various initial loading densities. Least squares fit to calculated values is shown. Also shown are experimental values of Gurney velocity (Ref 10), /2Eg, for maximum loading density for six pure explosives and three mixtures... 

Note According to the Report on Study of Pure Explosive Compounds by A.D.Little,Inc, Part 111,367,405(1950) and Part IV, 576(1952), the correlation betw the Berthelot characteristic product and ballistic mortar value is not as good as that betw equation of state(PV = nRT) and ball mortar test value. While this latter correlation is applicable to materials contg metallic elements, this is not true with respect to the correlation betw Berthelot s product and ball mortar test value... 

An expl compd listed in Conf ADL Rpt on "Study of Pure Explosive Compounds", Part IV(1952),p 586... 

ADL PureExplCompds (P art Y ear) Arthur D. Little, Inc, "Report on Study of Pure Explosive Compounds, Cambridge, Mass, Part 1(1947) Part 2(1947) Part 3(1950) Part 4(1952)... 

Refs l)Anonymous, "Study of Pure Explosive Compounds , Part 1. Correlation of Organic Structure with Explosive Properties from Existing Data (Jan 1947) Part II. Correlation of Thermal Qualities with Explosive Properties... 

Other means of estimating and comparing the capacity of explosives for doing useful work are supplied by the tests with the ballistic pendulum,11 and by the Trauzl and small lead block tests. The first of these is useful for comparing a new commercial explosive with one which is standard the others give indications which are of interest in describing both commercial explosives and pure explosive substances. 

Refs l)Beil — not found 2)R.C.Elder-field, OSRD Rept 158(1941),7 9-10(PBL Rept 31094) 3)A.D.Little,Inc, "Report on Study of Pure Explosive Compounds, Pt 4( 1952),547(Paft of rept is unclassified)... 

According to GE and Penn State, an additional component of the sample collection is associated with the temperature of the human body generating a human convection plume [32,34], The plume is said to promote a natural upward convection of air along the entire body at a rate of 0.3-0.5 m/s, with a volumetric flow equal to the fan flow of 501/s. With this portal design, when a pure explosive vapor is released in the portal sampling space 25% of the vapor is captured and detected [32], After the person has been screened, the operator is notified through audile and/or visual indicators on an interface computer screen on the exit side of the portal. If the person is cleared, the door swings open to allow exit. A complete cycle for this portal, defined from the time the person stops inside the portal to a notification to the operator, is 15-20s. 

Quite recently, Keshavarz et al. introduced a new model for the prediction of the strength - and therefore power index - of pure explosives and mixtures containing CaHbNcOd high energy materials, on the basis of volume expansions in the Trauzl lead block [M. Kamalvand, M. H. Keshavarz, M. Jafari, Propellants, Explos. Pyrotech. 2015, 40, 551-557 M. Jafari, M. Kamalvand, M. H. Keshavarz, S. Farrashi, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., in press]. 

Therefore, there is a simple approximation for the Gurney velocity yJlE for either a pure explosive or for an explosive formulation, when the charge density p and detonation velocity are known (Tab. 7.4). 

Usually explosives can be categorized as military, commercial and homemade (HME) explosives. HMEs are energetic formulations that can be created at home . The term HME has been used to cover a wide range of materials from pure explosive compounds, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), that can be synthesized from readily available articles of commerce or pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), as pentaerythritol can be purchased in bulk for paint use to home-made variants of explosive formulations, such as ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO), that are used in very large commercial blasting operations. 

---