Propellant gas

Reloading - The sleeve gun is not a rapid-fire proposition. You must wait at least five minutes to allow the propellant gases to cool and reduce in pressure. Slowly unscrew the firing unit from the propellant/piston unit. The gas will begin to leak out. Stop at this point until the hissing stops. You may then fully disassemble the weapon. Remove the propellant cartridge. It probably will be partially dis-odged by the gas pressure when you unscrewed it. Jse a rod. to tap the piston out of the bore and discard it. The piston should not be reused. Clean the weapon as you would a normal firearm. 

Thermochemistry and the Equation of State of the Propellent Gases , OSRD Rept 547, OEMsr-51, Div 1 Rept A-48, Carnegie Institute of Washington, DC, 22 Apr 1942. Progress Rept A-116, an extension and revision of A-48(1942) A4) S.H. Maron D. Turn-... 

Hydrodynamic theory of deton and shock waves) 29c) J.O. Hirschfelder et al, OSRD 547(1942) (Thermochemistry and the equation of state of the propellant gases) 30) J. von Neumann, OSRD 549(1942) (Theory of deton waves)... 

Defects in the metal of a barrel, such as cavities etc, might cause the bursting of a cannon by pressure of the propellant gases, even though the projectile did not explode... 

An AA projectile gave a bore premature which burst a gun killing most of the crew. About 6000 similar projectiles were carefully examined for defects but nothing suspicious could be found. About ten years later it was found that the base of some of these projectiles contained tiny perforations and it is possible that hoe propellant gases penetrated inside the shell when it was fired. 

The temperature of the propellent gases depends on the heat of explosion and on the gas composition. The greater the heat of explosion, and hence the temperature of gases, the more readily the secondary flame arises. Powders of a low calorific value may therefore give, no secondary flame if the temperature of the gas mixture is lower than the temperature of ignition. 

A) A.D. Crow W.E. Grimshaw, PhilTrans-RoySoc 230A, 39-72(1930) (Equation of state of propellant gases)... 

One of the reasons (or increased erosion is the formation of soft steel on the surface of the bore. This softening is caused by increased percentage of carbon, which.comes from C of propelling gases when they attack the surface of the bore while it is at temp of 300 500°(Ref 43, p 155)... 

Exposure to VOCs in public beauty shops can also be high. Many cosmetic products contain VOCs such as 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-butanone, acetone, terpenes, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone or phenylmethanol. In particular, hair sprays are potential sources of indoor pollutants. To estimate VOC concentrations associated with the use of beauty products, a female subject was placed in the model room described earlier and sprayed with 16.1 g hair lacquer. Propellant gases (butane, pentane), ethanol, limonene and tripropyleneglycol (isomers) were subsequently monitored in the room. Thirty minutes after the application of this product, the highest VOC concentrations were measured for ethanol (>100pg/m3)... 

The process of delivery of propellant gases at a predetermined rate involves the selection of a propellant composition with the required burning rate at the operating pressure of the firearm, and then designing the propellant granules so that the necessary burning surface is available to provide the required mass rate of gas evolution, that is, the necessary time/pressure relationship. 

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