Projectile Types

Before proceeding with description of detonators, and other items used in HE trains of projectiles, we are giving here brief descriptions of "Principal Parts of Projectiles" "Types of Artillery Projectiles and cutaway views of typical projectiles Principal Parts of Artillery Projectiles Body. The main section of the projectile is called the body. Body diameter represents diameter of the projectile between bourrelet and rotating band. To prevent contact with bare lands, body diameter is less than bourrelet or rotating band diameter (See also Ref 44, p B218-R)... 

No 2i RDX 55, TNT 38. Tetryl 7- These are cast loaded chges for various Projectiles Type 94M. A cream-yellow expl compn consisting of Trinitroanisole 60 RDX 40%. It was used in shaped charge Grenades and as a Booster surround. 

Less common and unusual projectiles, such as exploding bullets saboted subcaliber bullets flare loads wax, rubber, plastic, and wooden bullets frangible bullets tear gas bullets and canisters baton rounds flechette cartridges poisoned bullets multiple loads shot loads for pistols and revolvers and other special purpose projectile types, are known and are occasionally encountered in forensic casework. 

Notice 1 states that the specification is currently valid for use in acquisition. The original date of the base specification was 25 June 1982. The cushions are intended for use in assembly of rocket motors for M753, 8-inch projectiles. Type I covers soft-grade silicone sponge rubber and Type II medium-grade silicone sponge rubber. 

The effect of projectile type on the areal density and type of ceramic required to provide protection (adapted from Ogorkiewicz, 1996). 

Classical ion trajectory computer simulations based on the BCA are a series of evaluations of two-body collisions. The parameters involved in each collision are tire type of atoms of the projectile and the target atom, the kinetic energy of the projectile and the impact parameter. The general procedure for implementation of such computer simulations is as follows. All of the parameters involved in tlie calculation are defined the surface structure in tenns of the types of the constituent atoms, their positions in the surface and their themial vibration amplitude the projectile in tenns of the type of ion to be used, the incident beam direction and the initial kinetic energy the detector in tenns of the position, size and detection efficiency the type of potential fiinctions for possible collision pairs. 

Investigations in the field of shoek eompression of solid materials were originally performed for military purposes. Speeimens sueh as armor were subjected to either projectile impact or explosive detonation, and the severity and character of the resulting damage constituted the experimental data (see, e.g., Helie, 1840). Investigations of this type continue today, and although they certainly have their place, they are now considered more as engineering experiments than scientific research, inasmuch as they do little to illuminate the basic physics and material properties which determine the results of shock-compression events. 

The sensitivity and depth resolution of ERDA depend on the type of projectile, on the type of particle, and on energy measurement. Because of the broad range of particles and methods used, general statements about sensitivity and depth resolution are hardly possible. Recent reviews of ERDA techniques are available [3.152-3.154]. 

The depth resolution of ERDA is mainly determined by the energy resolution of the detector system, the scattering geometry, and the type of projectiles and recoils. The depth resolution also depends on the depth analyzed, because of energy straggling and multiple scattering. The relative importance of different contributions to the depth resolution were studied for some specific ERDA arrangements [3.161, 3.163]. 

The cross-section curve a(E) gives the dependence of the nuclear cross-section on the projectile energy, E. The measured energy spectra of emitted particles or the excitation curve N(Eq) wiU depend on the depth profile N(x) of the analyzed isotope and on the cross-section curve (t(E(x)), where E(x) gives the energy of the projectiles at a depth x. Evaluation of the depth profile N (x) from measured energy spectra or excitation curves often requires a tedious evaluation procedure if the cross-section curve has a complex structure. It is simplified for two special types of behavior of the cross-section curve ... 

Select a tungsten carbide bit with projectile or conical inserts when drilling a formation that is predominantly limestone. Use bit type 6-3 or 6-4. 

A similar action takes place in a fluid power system in which the fluid takes the place of the projectile. For example, the pump in a hydraulic system imparts energy to the fluid, which overcomes the inertia of the fluid at rest and causes it to flow through the lines. The fluid flows against some type of actuator that is at rest. The fluid tends to continue flowing, overcomes the inertia of the actuator, and moves the actuator to do work. Friction uses up a portion of the energy as the fluid flows through the lines and components. 

Torpex, Sensitivity to S.A. Fire. Results of Comparative Trials with Various Types of Explosives Attacked by 20mm Projectiles , BritOrdnBoardProc 31986 (August 1945) 43) W.P. 

Computed Maximum Pressure (CMP). Value of max pressure computed by means of interior ballistic formulas. It will be developed when a new gun of a particular type is fired under standard conditions with a propelling charge which will give to the projectile its rated muzzle velocity Rated Maximum Pressure (RMP). Value of max pressure specified in the proplnt specifications as the upper limit of avg pressure which may be developed by an acceptable proplnt in the form of propelling charges which will impart the specified muzzle velocity to the specified projectile. Normally about 2000psi.above the computed max pressure, subject to determination at the time of development... 

Bir et al." have analyzed the effect of blunt ballistic impact of a baton-type, less-lethal projectile on the thoracic region using human cadavers. She determined human-response corridors and developed biomechanical surrogates, which can be used for testing different new projectiles for their blunt ballistic impact. The human-response force corridor for blunt thoracic impact by a thermoplastic polyurethane-based baton round with 37 mm diameter, weighing 30 g, and traveling... 

In a certain type of nuclear reaction, one neutron is a projectile (a reactant) and two neutrons arc produced. Assume that each process takes 1 s. If every product neutron causes another event, how many neutrons will be produced (and not be used up again) (u) in 3 s (b) in 10 s ... 

Now and then, projectiles from outer space cause excitement and surprises, as in January 2000, when a meteorite impacted the frozen surface of Lake Targish in Canada. It was a new type of C-chondrite with a carbon concentration of 4-5%, and probably came from a D-type asteroid (Hiroi et al., 2001). More exact analysis of the Targish meteorite showed the presence of a series of mono- and dicarboxylic acids as well as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (Pizzarello et al., 2001). Aromatic compounds and fullerenes were detected in the insoluble fraction from the extraction this contained planetary helium and argon, i.e., the 3He/36Ar ratio was... 

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