PROFESSIONAL AND TESTING ORGANIZATIONS

In 1918, when ANSI was founded, standardization activities were just beginning in the United States. Many groups were developing standards and their interests and activities overlapped. The standards they produced often duplicated or conflicted with each other. The result was the waste of manpower, money, and considerable confusion. Five profes-sional/technical societies and three government departments decided a coordinator was needed and created ANSI to handle the job. 

ANSI is a federation of standards competents from commerce and industry, professional, trade, consumer, and labor organizations, and government. ANSI, in cooperation with these federation participants, 

Identities the needs for standards and sets priorities for their completion. 

Assigns development work to competent and willing organizations. 

Sees to it that public interests, including those of the consumer, are protected and represented. 

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Industry standards generally are produced by trade associations. A good example of industry standards is the collection of standard test methods produced by the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), a professional and technical organization of the paper industry. 

In particular, technical references on chemical EOR are needed because petroleum professionals have not been trained in this area in the past 20 years. Except for some chapters in a few books that discuss general EOR, a comprehensive and systematic chemical EOR book has not been published. The purpose of this book is to complement the current literature on EOR. More important, it summarizes the results of research, pilot tests, and field applications in China because oil companies and research organizations there have continually made the effort to develop and apply chemical EOR technology during the past three decades. 

A service agent means any person or entity, other than an employee of the employer, who provides services specified imder this part to employers and/or employees in connection with DOT drug and alcohol testing requirements. This includes, but is not limited to, collectors, BATs and STTs, laboratories, MROs, substance abuse professionals, and C/TPAs. To act as service agents, persons and organizations must meet the qualifications set forth in applicable sections of this part. Service agents are not employers for purposes of this part. 

Board of Certified Safety Professionals—The certifying organization that issues the ASP, CSP, and CONST credentials following review of experience and successful completion of written tests. 

MEPTEC (Microelectronics Packaging and Test Engineering Council) is a trade association of semiconductor suppliers and manufacturers, committed to enhancing the competitiveness of the back-end portion of the semiconductor business. This organization provides a forum for semiconductor packaging and test professionals to learn and exchange ideas that relate to assembly, test, and handling. It was founded over 25 years ago. 

ASTM International and NACE International. Other organizations, which also issue standards for the many types of corrosion tests, are CEN, ISO, JSA, and MTI. These professional organizations have produced industry accepted recommended practices and test procedures (see Table 3), which allow comparison with others through direct interaction or published data. 

The standardization of batteries started in 1912, when a committee of the American Electrochemical Society recommended standard methods of testing dry cells. This eventually led to the first national publication in 1919 issued as an appendix to a circular from the National Bureau of Standards. It further evolved into the present American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards Committee CIS on Portable Cells and Batteries. Since then, other professional societies have developed battery related standards. Many battery standards were also issued by international, national, military, and federal organizations. Manufacturers associations, trade associations, and individual manufacturers have published standards as well. Related application standards, published by the Underwriters Laboratories, the International Electrotechnical Commission, and other organizations that cover battery-operated equipment may also be of interest. 

Such professional organizations as ASME and ASTM are taking the lead in developing die codes, specifications, and test standards for CMCs in nuclear applications. ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics has a particular focus on mechanical test standards for CMCs. Specifically, ASTM Subcommittee C28.07 has published eleven standards for CMCs (e.g., tensile, flexure, shear, compression, creep, fatigue, etc. 

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