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Products, electrochemical industry

Several industries are highly dependent on cheap electric power. These include the aluminum industry, the Portland cement industry, electrochemical industries such as plating and chlorine production, the glass industry, and the pulp and paper industry. Other industries such as the petrochemical industry, which is highly competitive, depend on low priced power. About two-thirds of the cost of producing ammonia is electrical cost. [Pg.88]

The development of electrical power made possible the electrochemical industry. Electrolysis of sodium chloride produces chlorine and either sodium hydroxide (from NaCl in solution) or metallic sodium (from NaCl fused). Sodium hydroxide has applications similar to sodium carbonate. The ad vantage of the electrolytic process is the production of chlorine which has many uses such as production of polyvinyl chloride. PVC, for plumbing, is produced in the largest quantity of any plastic. [Pg.263]

In a thorough ecological comparison of electrochemical with other manufacturing methods, of course, the pollution of air and water by the additional generation of electric power must also be taken into account. Fortunately, the largest electrochemical industries, such as aluminum production, as a rule are concentrated around ecologically clean hydropower plants. [Pg.405]

The production of industrially important perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids is generally accomplished by electrochemical fluorination. This method of preparation remains expensive and proceeds in good yields only for short hydrocarbon chains.30 Recently however, Wakselman and Tordeux have described a chemical method for the preparation of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid.31 The procedure involves reaction of a metal selected from zinc, cadmium, manganese, and aluminum with sulfur dioxide in DMF, followed by the introduction of trifluoromethyl bromide under slight pressure. The intermediate sulfinate is subsequently oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, and then hydrolyzed which leads to formation of the trifluoromethane sulfonic acid. Successful extension of the sulfination process to the modification of PCTFE should result in the formation of a sulfinated polymer which can ultimately be oxidized to give a sulfonic-acid modified polymer. [Pg.136]

The manufacture of secondary batteries based on aqueous electrolytes forms a major part of the world electrochemical industry. Of this sector, the lead-acid system (and in particular SLI power sources), as described in the last chapter, is by far the most important component, but secondary alkaline cells form a significant and distinct commercial market. They are more expensive, but are particularly suited for consumer products which have relatively low capacity requirements. They are also used where good low temperature characteristics, robustness and low maintenance are important, such as in aircraft applications. Until recently the secondary alkaline industry has been dominated by the cadmium-nickel oxide ( nickel-cadmium ) cell, but two new systems are making major inroads, and may eventually displace the cadmium-nickel oxide cell - at least in the sealed cell market. These are the so-called nickel-metal hydride cell and the rechargeable zinc-manganese dioxide cell. There are also a group of important but more specialized alkaline cell systems which are in use or are under further development for traction, submarine and other applications. [Pg.162]

However, a second change was necessary before there could be a successful electrochemical industry. Carrying out reactions at an electrode is, after all, a two-dimensional affair and one measure of the economics of a process is the amount of the product produced per unit volume. Could an electrode be made that was three dimensional It was Fleischmann and Goodridge (1970s) who (independently) produced somewhat different calculations showing the feasibility of a 3D electrode of certain (limited)2 dimensions. The modern organoelectrochemical industry was on its way. [Pg.87]

Electrochemical reductions in inorganic industry are limited to the large scale manufacture of alkali metal amalgams from which hydroxides, sodium sulphide, hydrosulphite etc. are produced. On the other hand in small scale production electrochemical reductions are frequently applied to the preparation of compounds which are difficult to prepare in a chemical way (metal salts with lower valence, e. g. Ti, Mo, V, U and Cr). [Pg.170]

Although the history of the electrochemical industry can be traced to the early 1800s, few processes for the electrolytic production of organic chemicals have been commercialised [1]. The authors of this quote name four reasons for this phenomenon, namely, the slow development in the areas of ... [Pg.1259]

Though Finland lacked deposits of coal, oil and many minerals, it did possess natural resources suitable for chemical production. In the 1910s, a new, rich copper mine at Outokumpu was opened its ore contained sulphur pyrites, among other things. However, the most valuable resources for the chemical industry were timber and water power. Processing staple wood products gave the forest industries opportunities to extract various chemicals as byproducts. Hydroelectricity was a new energy source for the electrochemical industries at the time. [Pg.343]

For the purposes of this study, the electrochemical industry is defined as the aggregate of all business entities whose major production process or whose final output involves electrolysis and other like phenomena accompanying the passage of a current through the solution of an electrolyte. The industry, as defined, includes two major types of firms those whose major production process is electrochemical, for example, aluminum producers, and those whose final output is electrochemical in nature, such as battery producers. This definition of the industry, however, excludes those firms whose major production process involves electric arc furnace techniques. [Pg.251]

This study treats the composition of the electrochemical industry on two levels the product composition as well as the composition by company is presented. [Pg.255]

In this section, the findings of the study regarding the electrochemical industry as a whole are presented. These aggregate figures were built up from the individual product and activity data according to the methodology outlined in section I. The individual product and activity figures are presented in section III. In this section, our concern is with the absolute and relative size of the industry and with the recent price movements within this industry. [Pg.257]

It is important to be precise with regard to the definition of the industrial chemical industry as it is compared with the electrochemical industry. The products of the industrial chemical industry occupy the two government SIC codes, 281, inorganic and organic chemicals, and 282, plastics materials, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber, synthetic, and other man-made fibers except glass. A list of the major product categories in SIC 281 and 282 is contained in Table 3A. [Pg.259]

The index fell relatively more than the index for all commodities except farm products and foods during the most recent period. Between 1960 and 1963, the all commodity—except farm index—fell from 101.3 to 100.7, whereas the electrochemical industry index fell from 102.7 to 98.8. [Pg.264]

Among the major components of the electrochemical industry, therefore, there appear to be no offsetting price characteristics, which would reduce the overall instability and decline of the prices in the electrochemical industry. In comparing the electrochemical industry price index with the index for industrial chemicals, the same price instability and even a greater degree of price decline— in the case of industrial chemicals— is observed. This decline in prices of industrial chemicals is generally attributed to the reduction of the price on new products as companies seek to broaden their markets. To what extent the same conclusion can be applied to the electrochemical industry is left as an open question. [Pg.264]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.293 , Pg.294 , Pg.295 , Pg.296 ]




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