Process Equipment Compatibility

A change in process or formulation demands a review of system components. This review should include, at a minimum, the items listed below. 

---

Another special aspect of the production process considered here is that there is only one unique end product - copper anodes with a final copper content of 99.6%. This changes the problem focus compared to other typical scheduling problems, where different properties of various products have to be taken into account in determining a production sequence, as well as cleaning requirements and product-equipment compatibility, to name a few. Here we do not have, e.g.,... 

A development report should be written prior to the process validation protocol by the research and development group and will serve as the basis for items to be included in the validation protocol. Parameters such as process limits, formulation compatibility with process equipment, time limitations of production, and any problems encountered and their resolution, should be addressed. Aerosol... 

Overall, the trend toward high-potency and low-dose dmg products is leading to an increased use of containment technology. Use of multiple-function process equipment as well as containers that are compatible with all unit operations is preferred. Any plan for a new or renovated facility that will include contained manufacturing must account for these features. 

Tomorrow s fuels will contain less sulfur to be compatible with the more sophisticated engine designs of new automobiles. Fuels specifications will further reduce the concentrations of gasoline compounds that are listed and/or considered to be toxic. Refiners will continue to upgrade heavier components to lighter products and refineries will continue to use innovative catalysts and processing equipment to cost-effectively manufacture fuels and petrochemical feedstocks. We have barely touched on the sophisticated engineering needed to transform a barrel of crude oil into consumable products. 

Materials that are used to construct the process equipment and instrumentation must also be checked for compatibility with the process chemicals. This includes not... 

Vent treatment requirements are also established during the evaluation of the process equipment requirements. The compatibility of the existingvent gas treatment system is evaluated against the process information obtained from the pilot runs and the existing environmental permit constraints. Permissible levels of venting are then established based on this assessment and the design requirements are documented. 

Lubricant Prevent adhesion of polymer to processing equipment Sweats out due to low compatibility with polymer Calcium stearate, normal and dibasic lead stearate... 

Process development Validation Qualify starting materials Investigate any engineering problems Agitation Exotherms Filtrations Equipment compatibility, Basic operability Deal with QC issues QA, QC Engineering Purchasing... 

In plasticized PVC it is common practice to incorporate a lubricant whose main function is to prevent sticking of the compound to processing equipment [14]. The material used should have limited compatibility such that it will sweat out during processing to form a film between the bulk f the compound and the metal surfaces of the processing equipment. The additives used for such a purpose are known as external lubricants. 

In some localities, adherence to national codes such as the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME, 1992) is mandatory. Selection of containers, tubing, fittings, and other process equipment, along with the operational techniques and procedures, must adhere to the constraints necessary for high-pressure service. The proper selection and assembly of components in a pressure system are critical safety factors. Compatibility of materials, tools used for assembly, and the reliability of connections are all key considerations. 

Process equipment is compatible with materials used and is properly designed. 

Process plants are for the most part dependent on electric power for motive purposes, to drive the process equipment and the materials transport systems. Other types of driver, in particular the steam turbine, have sometimes been employed, especially for major drives such as turbo-compressors (with which a turbine driver has a natural compatibility in terms of speed and speed variation), and in plants where steam is generated for process consumption or as a by-product in waste-heat boilers. Gas engine drivers (for reciprocating compressors) and gas turbines (for turbo-compressors) are also often employed for... 

---