Princeton Applied Research

Princeton Applied Research (belongs to Perkin Elmer Instruments)... 

The PAS was made by Princeton Applied Research and has a wavelength range of 200-2700 nm. The spectra were acquired on a signal/ reference mode with carbon black as the reference. The scan rate was 30 nm/mln, start 200 nm, end 1600 nm, frequency 40 Hz, 1 scan and a silt width of 2.0 nm. 

PARC Anal. Instruments Division, Basics of Voltammetry and Polarography, Application Note-P2, Princeton Applied Research, Princeton, NJ, 1980, p. 7, Fig. 10. 

EG G Princeton Applied Research (Analytical Instrument Division), Application Note C-3, Operating Parameters for Optimization of the Model 310, 1980. 

EG G Princeton Applied Research (Applied Instruments Group), Application Note F-2, Applications of Voltammetry to the Food Industry, 1982. 

Many handbooks like the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics provide, on behalf of electrochemistry investigation, values of standard reduction potentials, listed either in alphabetical order and/or in potential order. These must be considered as potentials of completely reversible redox systems. In current analytical practice one is interested in half-wave potentials of voltammetric, mostly polarographic analysis in various specific media, also in the case of irreversible systems. Apart from data such as those recently provided by Rach and Seiler (Spurenanalyse mit Polarographischen und Voltammetrischen Methoden, Hiithig, Heidelberg, 1984), these half-wave potentials are given in the following table (Application Note N-l, EG G Princeton Applied Research, Princeton, NJ, 1980). 

EG G Princeton Applied Research Application Briefs and Application Notes. 

The electrode potential was controlled with an EG G Princeton Applied Research (PAR) model 173 potentiostat/galvanostat and is referenced to a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). A PAR model 276 current-to-voltage converter allowed monitoring of current during the ORC and SERS experiments and it also provided for positive feedback iR compensation for accurate potential control. 

The Condecon package is produced by E G G Instruments (part of the Perkin Elmer and Princeton Applied Research Group), and was largely written by Norman Taylor of Leeds University, UK. 

Spex II, Model 1403) with 1800 grooves mm-i holographic gratings coupled to a photomultiplier (RCA) with associated electronics (EG G Princeton Applied Research, Model 1112). 

Structural characterization of the surface metal oxide species was obtained by laser Raman spectroscopy under ambient and dehydrated conditions. The laser Raman spectroscope consists of a Spectra Physics Ar" " laser producing 1-100 mW of power measured at the sample. The scattered radiation was focused into a Spex Triplemate spectrometer coupled to a Princeton Applied Research DMA III optical multichannel analyzer. About 100-200 mg of... 

A Table of Selected Half-Wave Potentials for Inorganic Substances, Application Note H-l, EG G Princeton Applied Research, Princeton, New Jersey. 

At this writing it is possible to link digital instrumentation with notebook computers and even achieve portability. Developments have been so rapid in this area that it is difficult to imagine what will come next. General-purpose processor-based electroanalytical instruments are now available from Amel, Bioanalytical Systems, Cypress Systems, EcoChemie, Metrohm, Tacussel, and Princeton Applied Research. 

EG G Princeton Applied Research P.O. Box 2565 Princeton, NJ 08543-2565 Instrumentation, electrodes, cells, accessories... 

The static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) was first introduced commercially in the late 1970s by EG G Princeton Applied Research [27]. It utilizes a method of drop formation in which the mercury drop is dispensed rapidly and then allowed to hang stationary at the capillary tip. When used in a DME mode of operation, the drops can be repetitively formed and dislodged at desired time... 

Metrohm and BAS have also introduced improved DME models capable of operating in the SMDE mode. The Metrohm electrode (Fig. 14.6b) has a needle valve and small-bore capillary. Much of it is pneumatically controlled. The BAS version (Fig. 14.6c) is called the controlled growth mercury electrode (CGME). It is based on the work of Kowalski, Osteryoung, and coworkers [30]. Its features include a low-resistance electrical contact to the mercury thread in the capillary via a stainless steel tube and a fast response valve. The fast valve has allowed unique experiments to be performed where precise control of mercury drop growth during the experiment is desirable [31-33]. The BAS (Fig. 14.7), EG G Princeton Applied Research (Fig. 14.8), and Metrohm (Fig. 14.9) electrodes offer this easy and reproducible drop renewal in fully equipped cell stands. 

Figure 14.6 Cross-sectional views of (a) the EG G Princeton Applied Research model 303A SMDE (b) Metrohm s electrode, featuring a needle valve and small-bore capillary and (c) the BAS controlled growth mercury electrode.

Mercury is the electrode material of choice for many electrochemical reductions and some unique oxidations (see Chap. 14). We have explored the use of both small mercury pools and amalgamated gold disks in thin-layer amperometry. Other workers have used pools in a capillary tube [7] and amalgamated platinum wire [8]. In 1979, Princeton Applied Research introduced a unique approach based on their model 303 static mercury drop electrode (see Sec. II.F). Our laboratories and MacCrehan et al. [9] have focused on the use of amalgamated gold disks. This approach results in an inexpensive, easily prepared, and mechanically rigid electrode that can be used in conventional thin-layer cells (Sec. II.C) of the type manufactured by Bioanalytical Systems. 

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