EG G Princeton Applied Research Models

Spex II, Model 1403) with 1800 grooves mm-i holographic gratings coupled to a photomultiplier (RCA) with associated electronics (EG G Princeton Applied Research, Model 1112). 

Figure 14.6 Cross-sectional views of (a) the EG G Princeton Applied Research model 303A SMDE (b) Metrohm s electrode, featuring a needle valve and small-bore capillary and (c) the BAS controlled growth mercury electrode.

Electrochemical Measurements. Cyclic voltammetry and alternating current (ac) impedance spectroscopy were performed using an ac impedance system (EG G Princeton Applied Research model 378) that included a potentiostat-galvanostat (model 273), a two-phase lock-in analyzer (model 5208), and an IBM PS/2 computer. For ac impedance measurements, a 5-mV sine wave was superimposed on an applied voltage bias from the potentiostat. The reference electrodes were saturated calomel electrodes (SCE Fisher) for measurements in aqueous solution and silver electrodes... 

EG G Princeton Applied Research Models 174A and 374 pulse P.O. Box 2565 polarographs... 

EG G Princeton Applied Research (Analytical Instrument Division), Application Note C-3, Operating Parameters for Optimization of the Model 310, 1980. 

The electrode potential was controlled with an EG G Princeton Applied Research (PAR) model 173 potentiostat/galvanostat and is referenced to a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). A PAR model 276 current-to-voltage converter allowed monitoring of current during the ORC and SERS experiments and it also provided for positive feedback iR compensation for accurate potential control. 

Metrohm and BAS have also introduced improved DME models capable of operating in the SMDE mode. The Metrohm electrode (Fig. 14.6b) has a needle valve and small-bore capillary. Much of it is pneumatically controlled. The BAS version (Fig. 14.6c) is called the controlled growth mercury electrode (CGME). It is based on the work of Kowalski, Osteryoung, and coworkers [30]. Its features include a low-resistance electrical contact to the mercury thread in the capillary via a stainless steel tube and a fast response valve. The fast valve has allowed unique experiments to be performed where precise control of mercury drop growth during the experiment is desirable [31-33]. The BAS (Fig. 14.7), EG G Princeton Applied Research (Fig. 14.8), and Metrohm (Fig. 14.9) electrodes offer this easy and reproducible drop renewal in fully equipped cell stands. 

Multilayer depositions may be performed using, say, an EG G Princeton Applied Research (PAR) Model 173 potentiostat/galvanostat with a PAR Model 276 interface providing computer control capability. A PC furnished with a GPIB-... 

The electronic tongue system based on flow injection analysis (FIA) with two amperometric detectors was set up. The FLA apparatus consisted of a Jasco (Tokyo, Japan) model 880 PU pump and two EG G Princeton Applied Research (Princeton, NJ, USA) Model 400 thin-layer electrochemical detector connected in series. Each detector was equipped with a working electrode (a dual glassy carbon electrode and a gold... 

Apparatus Cyclic voltammetry and amperometric current-time curves were obtained with a Pine Instrument Inc., Model RDE4 bipotentiostat and Kipp Zonen BD 91 XYY recorder equipped with a time base module. All measurements were performed in a conventional single-compartment cell with a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode and a Pt mesh as the auxiliary electrode at room temperature. Chronoamperometry was made with EG G Princeton Applied Research potentiostat/galvanostat Model 273 equipped with Model 270 Electrochemical Analysis Software. 

Apparatus and materials. All electrochemical polymerizations, amperometric measurements and cyclic voltammetry were carried out with an EG G Princeton Applied Research Potentiostat model 273. Pyrrole was purified by vacuum distillation and by passage over neutral alumina prior to electropolymerization. The polyanions (1) used as dopants are shown in Figure 1, and were purified twice by precipitation from methanol in 0.1 M HC1. Detailed information about their synthesis and catalytic... 

To acquire this information, the two displaced continuum beams are imaged with a cylindrical and a spherical lens onto different positions along the length of the entrance slit of a low dispersion spectrograph (Instruments SA, model UFS-200). The two resulting parallel dispersed spectra are fully separated from each other at the focal plane, where they are detected by the model 1254 SIT detector head of an EG + G Princeton Applied Research Corporation optical multichannel analyzer system. In conjunction with a model 1216 detector controller and model 1215 console, this detector is programmed with a two dimensional... 

Detector E, EG G Princeton Applied Research PAR Model 400, glassy carbon ceU +1300 mV, d.c. mode, Ag/AgCl reference electrode (At the end of each day clean electrode with MeOH as mobile phase and potential -600 mV for 1 min and +1500 mV for 10 min, repeat 3 times. If necessary, wipe with a tissue wetted with water then a tissue wetted with MeOH.)... 

Autolab, Installation guide, EcoChemie BV, Utrecht, 1993 BAS lOOA, Operation guide, Bioanalytical Systems, West Lafayette, 1987 Model 384 B, Operating manual, EG G Princeton Applied Research, Princeton, 1983... 

A Model 310 polarographic detector controlled by a Model 174 polaro-graphic analyzer (EG G, Princeton Applied Research Corp.,... 

The electrochemical measurements were carried out in a conventional 3-electrode electrochemical cell. A Model 400 bipotentiostat from EG G Princeton Applied Research was used for the amperometric measurements, and a KIPP ZONEN BDlOl strip chart recorder was used to record the data. The rotator used was from Pine Instruments. All steady-state currents were measured at 0.4 V vs SCE. 

Furthermore, corrosion and electrochemical studies can be performed using a well-calibrated electrochemical instrumentation/equipment. Figure 6.3 iUus-trates an automated modem experimental instrumentation, which includes the commercially available device known as the Princeton Applied Research (PAR) EG G Potentiostat/Galvanostat Model 273A and the electrochemical or polarization cell model K47. This particular cell known as a three-electrode electrochemical cell for characterizing the kinetics of the working electrode (WE) in a suitable environment at a desirable temperature. 

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