Pregnancy sexually transmitted disease

The male barrier contraceptive device is known as the condom, or mbber, and is widely available in most countries. The condom is a mbber or latex sheath, sometimes packaged with a lubricant and spermicide, which serves as a cover for the penis and a receptacle for semen. The method is very effective if the condom is of good quaUty, remains on, and is replaced for each subsequent intercourse. It was reported that 6 biUion condoms were used in 1990 (101). Usage appears to be increasing as adjunctive use with other methods of contraception for prevention of HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases. By rough estimate, condoms may have been used in more than 13 biUion acts of sexual intercourse that risked unwanted pregnancy, HIV, and/or other sexually transmitted diseases (101). 

This drug is contraindicated in known cases of hypersensitivity to spectinomycin. In addition, the drug should not be given to infants. If another sexually transmitted disease is present with gonorrhea, additional anti-infectives may be needed to eradicate the infectious processes. Safe use during pregnancy (Category B) or lactation or in children has not been established. 

In recent years it seems that AIDS has somewhat eclipsed other sexually transmitted diseases. A problem, however, is that sexually transmitted diseases not only cause ill health in their own right, but can have long-term consequences including infertility, ectopic pregnancy and genital cancers. Consequently, there is increasing concern about... 

Amphetamine abusers and addicts become preoccupied with when and where they will be able to get their next dose. Relationships with family and friends frequently deteriorate as the drug takes center stage in the addict s life. Money problems may began to surface as the addict funds his growing habit. Substance abuse also contributes to crime, domestic violence, sexual assault, drop-out rates, unemployment, and homelessness. It is also a factor in the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unwanted pregnancy. 

All patients with suspected or confirmed chlamydial conjunctivitis should be tested for other sexually transmitted diseases and evaluation and consideration given to comanagement with a gynecologist or urologist. If left untreated, chlamydial vaginitis can result in severe pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. Sexual partners of infected individuals should also receive systemic antibiotics, even if no symptoms are present. In preadolescent children, sexual abuse must be considered in cases of confirmed chlamydial infection. 

Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in human known as trichomoniasis, infects 250 to 350 million people worldwide. Trichomoniasis results in serious discomfort to women and is associated with adverse pregnancy... 

Maternal cocaine use can affect reproduction by adversely affecting the pregnancy. In addition, cocaine use may directly injure the fetus and/or produce behavioral and developmental abnormalities in the neonate. Indirect toxicities of cocaine abuse may result in severe health consequences including child neglect and abuse, loss of family structure, an increased risk of AIDS, and congenitally acquired sexually transmitted diseases (Benowitz 1992). A study of data from 72 U.S. Poison Control Centers in 1990 that analyzed 1.7 million... 

Although not a sexually transmitted disease, bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy is a risk factor for premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, preterm birth, and spontaneous abortion. It is found in 9% to 23% of pregnant women. ... 

Although the age of majority in most states is 18 years, approximately 10 states permit higher or lower consent ages. Also, some local and state laws permit consent at lower ages dependent on various circumstances, e.g., abortion, prevention, treatment, or diagnosis of a sexually transmitted disease (STD), pregnancy, and drug or alcohol abuse. 

Check with your local department of health to see what the rates of teenage pregnancy infant mortality AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases rape and births are in the area where you live or go to school. 

Pregnancy may be a concern, but the client is discussing sexually transmitted disease and the nurse should address the client s concerns. 

The client should be encouraged to use two forms of over-the-counter products to prevent pregnancy. The condom that is used should be compatible with the spermicidal product. Additionally, condoms provide some protection from acquiring a sexually transmitted disease. 

The history of the development of condoms precedes a review of the use of natural latex mbber condoms, with details of some of the problems encountered by users, and the subsequent development of a polyurethane condom by London International Group. The use of condoms for both pregnancy prevention and as a barrier to sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS, is discussed, and the effectiveness of both latex and PU for this purpose. The use of polyurethane condoms as an alternative to latex by those experiencing latex sensitivity, either due to the protein in the rubber or vulcanising agents is proposed, since polyurethane has been shown to be non-allergenic. Test methods for condoms are examined, and results of in-use studies of the Avanti condom made from Duron brand PU are discussed. 3 refs. 

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to an acute infection of the upper genital tract in women in the reproductive age, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Per definition, PID should be distinguished from pelvic infections caused by medical procedures, pregnancy, and other primary abdominal processes. PID usually results from sexually transmitted ascending infections typically by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, although 30%-40% of cases are polymicrobial. Actinomyces and tuberculosis account for rare causes of PID and may cause tubo-... 

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