Prefixes binary compounds

The written name of a compound includes the names of the elements it contains and information about the numbers of atoms of each element. The elements have to occur in some order, and this order is set by the same guidelines as for the chemical formula (see Section 3-11. Names can contain element names, roots derived from element names, and prefixes indicating the number of atoms of each element. Tables and 3 list the more important roots and prefixes that appear in the names of binaiy compounds. We can summarize the rules for naming binary compounds in three guidelines ... 

The first compounds to be discussed will be compounds of two nonmetals. These binary compounds are named with the element to the left or below in the periodic table named first. The other element is then named, with its ending changed to -ide and a prefix added to denote the number of atoms of that element present. If one of the elements is to the left and the other below, the one to the left is named first unless that element is oxygen or fluorine, in which case it is named last. The same order of elements is used in writing formulas for these compounds. (The element with the lower electronegativity is usually named first refer to Table 5-1.) The prefixes are presented in Table 6-2. The first six prefixes are the most important to memorize. 

To write the formula from the name of a binary compound containing only nonmetals, simply write the symbols for the separate atoms with the prefixes converted to subscripts. 

In naming compounds, don t confuse metal and nonmetal type binary compounds. Prefixes are used only with nonmetal types. 

Modified Forms in Common Use. There are numerous situations in which the foregoing system does not meet all requirements. In the formation uf binary compounds, several elements exhibit more Ilian two states of oxidation. One method, recommended by the IUPAC, of handling these situations is the use of prefixes derived from Greek to indicate stoichiometric composition, e.g., titanium dichloride, TiCL and dinitrogen oxide (nitrous oxide) N 0. Other accepted methods ofindicating proportions of constituents are the Stock system (oxidation number) and the Ewens-Bassett (charge number) system. 

In addition to the oxoacids, there are a small number of other acids, such as HC1, that do not contain oxygen. Although the pure, gaseous compound HC1 is named hydrogen chloride according to the rules for binary compounds, the aqueous solution is named hydrochloric acid, HCl(a ). This example is typical of non-oxygen-containing acids The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid are used for the aqueous solution in such cases. 

To indicate that a binary compound is made up of two non-metals, a prefix is usually added to both non-metals in the compound. This prefix indicates the number of atoms of each element in one molecule or formula unit of the compound. For example, P205 is named diphosphorus pen-toxide. Alternatively, the Stock System may be used, and P205 can be named phosphorus (V) oxide. AsBr3 is named phosphorus tribromide. 

Table 3.8 Numerical Prefixes for Binary Compounds That Contain Two Non-Metals...

Binary compounds of nonmetals are named with a set of classical prefixes, not used for most other compounds. 

B. Binary compound Name the first element with a prefix from Table 6.1 if there are two or more atoms. Then name the second element with a prefix from Table 6.1 (even if there is only one atom), and with the ending changed to -ide. 

The rules for naming binary compounds are summarized in Fig. 2.22. Notice that prefixes to indicate the number of atoms are used only in Type III binary compounds (those containing two nonmetals). An overall strategy for naming compounds is summarized in Fig. 2.23. 

Nomenclature of Salts. — Salts containing only two elements follow the rule for binary compounds, aiid hence end in -ide. This suffix is added to an abbreviated form of the name of the non-metal, e.g. chloride, bromide, duor-ide, etc. Notice that the prefix hydro- is omitted, and that the name of the metal precedes, c.g. sodium chloride, potassium bromide, calcium fluoride, etc. It will soon be shown experimentally that salts may be regarded as derived from... 

HF]—The prefix of hydro- tells us that it is a binary compound beginning with hydrogen. The fluoric must be derived from fluoride. ... 

The proportions of the constituents, be they monoatomic or polyatomic, may be indicated in generalized stoichiometric names by multiplicative prefixes, as was the case for the constituents of binary compounds (Section IR-5.2). ... 

Some compounds contain polyatomic ions that behave much like monatomic anions. Compounds that contain these ions are called pseudobinary ionic compounds. The prefix pseudo- means false these compounds are named as though they were binary compounds. The common examples of such polyatomic anions are the hydroxide ion, OH , and the cyanide ion, CN. The ammonium ion, NH4+, is the common cation that behaves like a simple metal cation. 

Binary acids are compounds in which H is bonded to a Group VIA elemeut other than O or to a Group VILA element they act as acids when dissolved in water. The pure compounds are named as typical binary compounds. Their aqueous solutions are named by modifying the characteristic stem of the nonmetal with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic followed by the word acid. The stem for sulfur iu this iustauce is sulfur rather thau sulf. ... 

For binary compounds containing only nonmetals (Type III), prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms present. 

In naming binary compounds, you sometimes simply name the ions. In other cases, you need to use Roman numerals, or prefixes. 

Binary compounds can be named systematically by following a set of relatively simple rules. For compounds containing both a metal and a nonmetal, the metal is always named first, followed by a name derived from the root name for the nonmetal. For compounds containing a metal that can form more than one cation (Type 11), we use a Roman numeral to specify the cation s charge. In binary compounds containing only nonmetals (Type 111), prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms. 

Table 2.6 Prefixes Used in Naming Binary Compounds Formed between Nonmetals ...

In a binary compound, the element that appears first in the formula also appears first in the name. The first element retains its full name, whereas the second element is described by replacing the ending from its name with the suffix -ide. Both elements will be preceded by a number-designating prefix except that when there is only one atom of the first element, it does not carry the prefix mono-. An example of this procedure is provided in Example Problem 2.5. 

Binary compounds are compounds made up of only two elements, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Prefixes are used in the names of binary compounds to indicate the number of atoms of each nonmetal present. Table 7-1 lists the most common prefixes for binary covalent compounds. 

For binary compounds, chemical naming includes writing the number of atoms of each type of element. These are given by a Greek prefix. Table 9.2 gives some Greek prefix tips to chemical naming. 

A binary compound is a compound composed of only two elements. Binary compounds composed of a metal and a nonmetal are usually ionic and are named as ionic compounds, as we have just discussed. (For example, NaCl, MgBr2, and AI2N3 are all binary ionic compounds.) Binary compounds composed of two nonmetals or metalloids are usually molecular and are named using a prefix system. Examples of binary molecular compounds are H2O, NH3, and CCI4. Using this prefix system, you name the two elements using the order given by the formula of the compound. 

Some binary compounds of hydrogen and nonmetals yield acidic solutions when dissolved in water. These solutions are named like compounds by using the prefix... 

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