Naming Binary Compounds

B. Binary compound Name the first element with a prefix from Table 6.1 if there are two or more atoms. Then name the second element with a prefix from Table 6.1 (even if there is only one atom), and with the ending changed to -ide. 

When atomic theory developed to the point where it was possible to write specific formulae for the various oxides and other binary compounds, names reflecting composition more or less accurately then became common no names reflecting the composition of the oxosalts were ever adopted, however. As the number of inorganic compounds rapidly grew, the essential pattern of nomenclature was little altered until near the end of the 19th century. As a need arose, a name was proposed and nomenclature grew by accretion rather than by systematization. 

Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds contain discrete molecular units. They are usually composed of nonmetallic elements (see Figure 2.8). Many molecular compounds are binary compounds. Naming binary molecular compounds is similar to naming binary ionic compounds. We place the name of the first element in the formula first, and the second element is named by adding -ide to the root of the element name. Some examples are... 

The limiting types of higher-order compounds are the same as the limiting types of binary compound, namely ... 

Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds contain discrete molecular units. They are usually composed of nonmetallic elements (see Figure 0.9). Many molecular compounds are binary compounds. Naming binary molecular compounds is... 

Formula Binary Compound Name Acid Name... 

For binary compounds the name of the element standing later in the sequence in Sec. 3.1.1.3 is modified to end in -ide. Elements other than those in the sequence of Sec. 3.1.1.3 are taken in the reverse order of the following sequence, and the name of the element occurring last is modified to end in -ide e.g., calcium stannide. 

Many of the best-known binary compounds of the nonmetals have acquired common names. These are widely—and in some cases exclusively—used. Examples include... 

EXAMPLE D.3 Writing the formula of a binary compound from its name... 

Many of these binary compounds have hydrogen in its +1 oxidation state, and so the name hydride is not really appropriate. However, it is the conventional term. 

The written name of a compound includes the names of the elements it contains and information about the numbers of atoms of each element. The elements have to occur in some order, and this order is set by the same guidelines as for the chemical formula (see Section 3-11. Names can contain element names, roots derived from element names, and prefixes indicating the number of atoms of each element. Tables and 3 list the more important roots and prefixes that appear in the names of binaiy compounds. We can summarize the rules for naming binary compounds in three guidelines ... 

Name the following binary compounds SO2, CS2, BCI3, and BrFj. ... 

Name compounds by applying the guidelines. The guidelines for naming binary compounds that contain metals differ from those for compounds containing no metal. Unless a metal forms only one stable atomic cation, its charge must be specified with a Roman numeral in parentheses. 

The first compounds to be discussed will be compounds of two nonmetals. These binary compounds are named with the element to the left or below in the periodic table named first. The other element is then named, with its ending changed to -ide and a prefix added to denote the number of atoms of that element present. If one of the elements is to the left and the other below, the one to the left is named first unless that element is oxygen or fluorine, in which case it is named last. The same order of elements is used in writing formulas for these compounds. (The element with the lower electronegativity is usually named first refer to Table 5-1.) The prefixes are presented in Table 6-2. The first six prefixes are the most important to memorize. 

Nitrogen trichloride. Although this is a binary compound of two nonmetals, it can be named with Roman numeral designations. It is indeed possible to call this nitrogen(III) chloride in the most modern usage, but most chemists do not do that yet. 

It should not be inferred that the crystal structures described so far apply to only binary compounds. Either the cation or anion may be a polyatomic species. For example, many ammonium compounds have crystal structures that are identical to those of the corresponding rubidium or potassium compounds because the radius NH4+ ion (148 pm) is similar to that of K+ (133 pm) or Rb+ (148 pm). Both NO j and CO, have ionic radii (189 and 185 pm, respectively) that are very close to that of Cl- (181 pm), so many nitrates and carbonates have structures identical to the corresponding chloride compounds. Keep in mind that the structures shown so far are general types that are not necessarily restricted to binary compounds or the compounds from which they are named. 

In that respect we have recently discovered a new compound, namely NPP (20), which crystallizes also in a monoclinic P2jStruc-ture. Moreover, as shown on figure 7 the angle between the charge-transfer axis of any of the two molecules in the unit cell with the binary axis is only at 4° from the optimum orientation (respectively 58 and 54°). 

Some compounds, namely molecular compounds, contain only nonmetals. Normally the compounds you need to name are binary compounds (containing only two elements). If you have highlighted the metalloids on your periodic table, everything to the right of the metalloids is a nonmetal. The following rules apply to both nonmetals and metalloids. The only nonmetal excluded from these nomenclature rules is hydrogen. 

Binary compounds are compounds that consist of only two elements. Some binary compounds have special names, and these special names supersede any of the rules given below. H20 is water, NH3 is ammonia, and CH4 is methane. All other binary compounds have a name with a suffix ide. Binary compounds may be subdivided into metal type, nonmetal type, and acid type. 

To write the formula from the name of a binary compound containing only nonmetals, simply write the symbols for the separate atoms with the prefixes converted to subscripts. 

In naming compounds, don t confuse metal and nonmetal type binary compounds. Prefixes are used only with nonmetal types. 

The path computation has been most successful when applied to a specific class of binary relations, namely the substrate-product relations of enzymatic reactions. They constitute a well-characterized set of binary relations, and the amount of available data is relatively large. There are about 3,500 main reactions between the main compounds that are represented in the KEGG pathway diagrams. An enzymatic reaction generally involves multiple substrates and multiple products, so that it must first be decomposed into all possible substrate-product binary relations. However, because the relations involving ubiquitous compounds such as water and ATP will make many undesired connections, it is better to limit to main compounds for practical purposes. 

Boron forms a class of binary compounds known as boron hydrides or boranes with hydrogen (Numbers in parentheses are the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound.) The names, CAS Numbers, and formulas of some of these compounds are ... 

The rule for naming compounds depends on the type of compound. For ionic compounds consisting of two elements (binary compounds), we start by naming the cation element. After the cation element is named, the stem of the anion is used with the ending ide added to the stem. 

The haloid salts are named according to the rules for binary compounds above given, thus ... 

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