Phosphorus naming

Earlier, reference was made to the potential third mechanism associated with nucleophilic displacements at phosphoryl phosphorus, namely that which might involve the participation of a phosphaacylium cation. Mixed sulphonic-phosphonic or sulphonic-phosphinic anhydrides 645 (Z = O, R = Me or 4-methylphenyl) have been obtained from the free phosphorus(V) acid and the 1,2,4-triazole 646 in the presence of trifluoromethanesulphonic acid, or 645 (Z = O, R = CF3) from the imidazolides 647 and trifluoromethanesulphonic acid and / r/-butylphenylphosphinothioic acid with trifluoromethanesulphonic anhydride yield the mixed 0-anhydride 648 (R = CF3), some reactions of which are illustrated in Scheme 76 ". Of those reactions, the formation of the iodide 649, albeit in low yield when the reaction is carried out in MeOH, with stereochemical retention of configuration at phosphorus, contrasts with the inversion of configuration observed for the remainder, and which is normally encountered for Sn2(P) displacements. The reaction of648 with methoxybenzene to yield the phosphine sulphide 650 in a solvent of high ionizing power (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol a lower yield was obtained in a... 

Industrially. phosphoric(V) acid is manufactured by two processes. In one process phosphorus is burned in air and the phos-phorus(V) oxide produced is dissolved in water. It is also manufactured by the action of dilute sulphuric acid on bone-ash or phosphorite, i.e. calcium tetraoxophosphate(V). Ca3(P04)2 the insoluble calcium sulphate is filtered off and the remaining solution concentrated. In this reaction, the calcium phosphate may be treated to convert it to the more soluble dihydrogenphosphatc. CafHjPOjj. When mixed with the calcium sulphate this is used as a fertiliser under the name "superphosphate . 

Gr. phosphoros, light bearing ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise) Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669 by preparing it from urine. 

Phosphorus Compounds. Acyclic phosphorus compounds containing only one phosphorus atom, as well as compounds in which only a single phosphorus atom is in each of several functional groups, are named as derivatives of the parent structures listed in Table 1.12. Often these... 

These last named materials may be considered as derivatives of the inorganic rubber, polyphosphonitrilic chloride, discovered by Stokes in 1895. This was prepared by the reaction of phosphorus pentachloride with ammonium chloride as follows ... 

The recommended names for these compounds (phosphinic acid and phosphinates) have not yet gained wide acceptance for inorganic compounds but are generally used for organophosphorus derivatives. Hypophosphites can be made by healing white phosphorus in aqueous alkali ... 

The initial synthesis of papaverine is due to Pictet, and fittingly enough involved as its key step the name reaction. Acylation of veratrylamine (109) with dimethoxyphenylacetylchlo-ride affords the amide (110). Cyclization by means of phosphorus oxychloride constitutes the same reaction and affords the dihy-droisoquinoline (111). Dehydrogenation by means of a noble metal catalyst affords papaverine (107). ... 

By the reduction of cedrone by means of sodium and alcohol, there is formed dihydro-isocedrol, CijH gO, boiling at 148° to 151° C. under a pressure of 9-5 mm. When cedrene is heated at 180° to 210° C. with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, and the product formed is reduced by sodium and alcohol, a body Cj Hjg is obtained, which Semmler describes by the name dihydro-cedrene It boils at 116° to 122° C. under 12 mm. pressure its specific gravity is 0-9052 at 15° C. 

When caryophyllene alcohol is dehydrated by means of zinc chloride or phosphorus pentoxide, a hydrocarbon results, which does not appear to be identical with any of the sesquiterpenes described under the name caryophyllene. It has therefore been named clovene . Clovene has the following characters —... 

Laevo-menthone is converted into its oxime by means of hydroxylamine.. This is treated with strong sulphuric acid, and so inverted to isomenthone oxime. This is treated with phosphorus trichloride in chloroform solution, when hydrochloric acid is given off, and menthonitrile is formed. The last named is reduced by sodium into menthonylamine, and the oxalic acid compound of this is warmed with sodium niteite solution when, menthonyl alcohol is formed. This body has the following characters —... 

Phosphorus reacts with oxygen to produce different kinds of oxides. One of these oxides is formed when 1.347 g of phosphorus reacts with 1.744 g of oxygen. What is the simplest formula of this oxide Name the oxide. 

This reaction shows that the hydrated oxide SiCV-xHjO is acidic, since it reacts with a base-As we mentioned earlier, phosphorus can be found in four different oxidation states. The hydroxides of the +1, +3, and +5 states of phosphorus are hypophosphorous acid, H3P02, phosphorous acid, H3P03, and phosphoric acid, H3P04. Their structures are shown in Figure 20-4. As suggested by their names, these compounds are distinctly acidic, and are of moderate strength. The equilibrium constant for the first ionization of each acid is approximately 10-2 hypophosphorous acid ... 

D.25 Name each of the following compounds, using analogous compounds with phosphorus and sulfur as a guide (a) Ff2Se04 ... 

Derivatives substituted on phosphorus are named by standard procedures [13, 14] e.g, / -methyl derivatives are named as methylphosphonates. 

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