Binaiy compounds

Nitrogen forms more than 20 binaiy compounds with hydrogen of which ammonia (NH3, p. 420), hydrazine (N2H4, p. 427) and hydrogen azide (N3H, p. 432) are by far the most important. Hydroxylamine, NH2(OH), is closely related in structure and properties to both ammonia, NH2(H), and hydrazine, NH2(NH2) and it will be convenient to discuss this compound in the present section also (p. 431). Several protonated cationic species such as NH4+, N2H5+, etc, and deprotonated anionic species such as NH2 , N2H3 , etc. also exist but ammonium hydride, NH5, is unknown. Among... 

The written name of a compound includes the names of the elements it contains and information about the numbers of atoms of each element. The elements have to occur in some order, and this order is set by the same guidelines as for the chemical formula (see Section 3-11. Names can contain element names, roots derived from element names, and prefixes indicating the number of atoms of each element. Tables and 3 list the more important roots and prefixes that appear in the names of binaiy compounds. We can summarize the rules for naming binary compounds in three guidelines ... 

Let us review what we have covered concerning stoichiometric binaiy compounds ... 

Write formulas for each of the following binaiy compounds, all of which are composed of a metal and nonmetal ... 

CQ liquid ammonia to form a binaiy compound of sulfur and... 

For the simple binaiy compounds discussed in Sections II.A. I and II.A.2, at given P and T, usually the partial pressure of the electronegative element is used. In temaiy compounds a second component activity has to be determined, leading to a three-dimensional representation for the relationships between defect concentrations and component activities. 

The binaiy hydrides (p. 64), borides (p. 145), carbides (p. 299) and nitrides (p. 417) are hard, refractory, nonstoichiometric materials with metallic conductivities. They have already been discussed in relation to comparable compounds of other metals in earlier chapters. 

The basic principle of a binaiy actinometer lies in the bimolecular photoreaction of a photosensitive species (the reference compound R) with a photoinsensitive reactant Rj ... 

Tantalum and niobium are added, in the form of carbides, to cemented carbide compositions used in the production of cutting tools. Pure oxides are widely used in the optical industry as additives and deposits, and in organic synthesis processes as catalysts and promoters [12, 13]. Binaiy and more complex oxide compounds based on tantalum and niobium form a huge family of ferroelectric materials that have high Curie temperatures, high dielectric permittivity, and piezoelectric, pyroelectric and non-linear optical properties [14-17]. Compounds of this class are used in the production of energy transformers, quantum electronics, piezoelectrics, acoustics, and so on. Two of... 

The U-Mo-0 binaiy oxide system was first studied by Kovba and Trunov [14,15]. These authors reported existence of several U-Mo oxocompounds with different stoichiometries U2M0O8, UM0O5, UM02O8, UM07O22, and UM011O35. Later stractural studies demonstrated that, in their structures, either U or Mo coordination polyhedra polymerize to form extended stractural units and these compounds should be considered as complex oxides rather than uranium molybdate salts. Similar stractural features have also been observed for complex oxides in the U-W-0 and U-Mo-W-0 systems [16-21]. 

Binary chemical weapons use toxic chemicals produced by mixing two compounds immediately before or during use. Binaiy weapons do not necessarily employ new toxic chemicals. In U.S. parlance, relatively innocuous precursors were stored separately and... 

A similar relation is observed for the binaiy structure types YCde (SG.Im3,a = 1548.3 pm) (Larson and Cromer, 1971) and YbCdg (SG lm3, a = 1565.8 pm) (Palenzona, 1971), and temaiy YbAg2ln4 (Sysa et al., 1989). These structures are actually identical considering the lattice parameters, the space group symmetry, the sites, and the parameters of the atoms. In YbAg2ln4 the smaller silver and indium atoms are ordered, thus, it represents a temaiy ordered superstmcture of the binary ones. However, there is a difference between the binary compounds in YCdg one cadmium atom occupies the 24g site by about one third, and in... 

Kato, M. Tanaka, H. Aizawa, K. Determination of vapor-liquid equUibria by total pressure measurements for four binaiy silicon compound systems tetramethoxysUane -t p-xylene, tetramethoxysUane + n-nonane, tetraethoxysilane + p-xylene, and tetraethoxy silane + n-nonane F/mW Ptoie 1990,55,181-189... 

Vitamin E (a-tocopherol) was extracted from feed and analyzed at the levels of 8-23 pg/mL on a Cjg column (A = 295 nm, ex 330 nm, em) with a 95/5 methanol/ water mobile phase [334]. Amaud et al. [335], chromatographically studied serum extracts for retinol, a-tocopherol, and ) -carotene on a C g column (A = 450nm, 325 nm or 292 nm) and published the retention times of these compounds in pure methanol and 17 other binaiy and ternary mobile phases including itietha-nol/acetonitrile/hexane, methanol/acetonitrile/cyclohexane, methanol/hexane, and methanol/acetonitrile/dichloromethane. Detection limits of 0.1-1.5 pM... 

The first member of Group 3A, boron, is a metalloid the rest are metals (Figure 8.13). Boron does not form binaiy ionic compounds and is imreactive toward oxygen gas and water. The next element, aluminmn, readily forms almninmn oxide when exposed to air ... 

Binaiy oxnpounds containing carbon and hydrogen are organic compounds and do rxit follow the same naming conventions as other molecular compounds. Organic compounds arxl their nomenclature ate rtscussed in detail in Chapter 10. 

While intrinsic disorder of the Schottky, Frenkel, or anti-Frenkel type frequently occurs in binaiy metal oxides and metal halides, i.e., Equations (5.1), (5.3), and (5.5), Schottky disorder is seldomly encountered in temaiy compounds. However, in several studies Schottky disorder has been proposed to occur in perovskite oxides. Cation and anion vacancies or interstitials can occur in ternary compounds, but such defect stractures are usually to be related with deviations from molecularity (viz. Sections II.B.2 and II.B.3), which in fact represent extrinsic disorder and not intrinsic Schottky disorder. From Figures 5.3 and 5.4 it is apparent that deviations from molecularity always influence ionic point defect concentrations, while deviations from stoichiometry always lead to combinations of ionic and electronic point defects, as can be seen from Figures 5.2 and 5.5. 

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