Stock system

In order that your subcontractors can achieve 100% on-time delivery, you need to provide the same type of information and make the same commitments as your customer will to enable you to meet 100% on-time delivery to them (see Part 2 Chapter 15). You therefore need to inform your subcontractors of your production schedule and release orders to your subcontractors based on that schedule. If operating under a ship-to-stock system, you will need a means of notifying your subcontractor when stocks drop to the minimum level. Under such arrangements, you do not need a purchase order for every delivery as one order specifying the shipment rate will suffice. A good maxim to work by is ... 

Microbial cultxxres at ATCC are normally preserved by lyophilization (ffeeze-diy-ing) and/or storage over liquid nitrogen at -i8o°C. A seed stock system is used to maintain the distribution stock. 

EXAMPLE 13.13. Name the following according to the Stock system (a) FeCl, (6) U02S04, and (c) P4O10. (a) Iron(II) chloride, (b) dioxouranium(VI) sulfate, and (c) phosphorus(V) oxide. 

Name N02 and N204 using the Stock system. Explain why the older system using prefixes is still useful. 

Stock system the nomenclature system using oxidation numbers to differentiate between compounds or ions of a given element. 

To avoid the necessity of memorizing a separate name for each ion, we can use the Stock system. In the Stock system, the charge of the cation appears as a Roman numeral immediately after the name of the element. Using the Stock system, we write Fe2+ as the iron(II) ion, and Cu+ as the copper(I) ion. Other than the necessity of indicating the charges, there are no differences between the naming of transition metal compounds and other compounds of the metals. So while KC1 is potassium chloride, CuCl is copper(I) chloride. 

If the metal ion may exist in more than one oxidation state, this oxidation state should be listed, in Roman numerals, immediately after the name of the metal ion. The Roman numeral is enclosed in parentheses and is considered part of the same word, and not a separate grouping. If the metal occurs in only one oxidation state, no such indicator is used. This notation is the Stock system discussed earlier. 

Note According to the Stock system, metallic ions are named using Roman numerals. The Roman numeral shows the charge on the metal ion titanium(IV) W copper(l), Cu manganese(VIl), Mn +... 

This is the modem method and is called the Stock system. This name arises from the universal name of carbonate given to COs ". The name sodium bicarbonate is also accepted it is an older, historically used name. 

The more diflicult oxidation-reduction equations cun often be written more easily by use of tile Stock system ol oxidation numbers, which are positive or negative valences or charges. Consider the reaction of potassium diehromale. K Cr 0-. with potassium sultile. KjSOi. in acid solution to lorni chromiuntlllll sulfate. Cr SOj i. and potassium sullale. K S04. The unbalanced expression for the ionic reaction ts... 

Modified Forms in Common Use. There are numerous situations in which the foregoing system does not meet all requirements. In the formation uf binary compounds, several elements exhibit more Ilian two states of oxidation. One method, recommended by the IUPAC, of handling these situations is the use of prefixes derived from Greek to indicate stoichiometric composition, e.g., titanium dichloride, TiCL and dinitrogen oxide (nitrous oxide) N 0. Other accepted methods ofindicating proportions of constituents are the Stock system (oxidation number) and the Ewens-Bassett (charge number) system. 

Automated dispensing devices create several situations that can easily result in errors. While these machines are routinely restocked, the wrong drug still can be placed into the wrong bin during this process. Devices that have multiple medications in each drawer and/or that do not require pharmacist review of orders before access have drawbacks that are identical to the flaws in traditional floor-stock systems ... 

Stirring device, for use under reduced pressure, 3 40, 41 Stock system of nomenclature,... 

This Roman numeral method is known as the Stock system. An older nomenclature used the suffix -ous for the lower charge and -ic for the higher charge and is still used occasionally. 

The stock system may also be extended to those ternary compounds having anions with well-known names ... 

Naming Metals in Chemical Compounds The Stock System... 

Many of the common metals are transition elements that have more than one possible valence. For example, tin is able to form the ions Sn2+ and Sn4+, iron can form Fe2+ and Fe3+, and copper can form Cu+ and Cu2+. (The most common transition metals with more than one valence number are listed in Table 3.3.) The name of a compound must identify which ion is present in the compound. To do this, the element s name is used, followed by the valence in parentheses, written in Roman numerals. Therefore, Sn4+ is tin(IV), Fe3+ is iron(III), and Cu2+ is copper(II). This naming method is called the Stock system after Alfred Stock, a German chemist who first used it. Some examples of Stock system names are listed in Table 3.6. 

In a method that predates the Stock system, two different endings are used to distinguish the valences of metals. The ending -ic is used to represent the larger valence number. The ending -ous is used to represent the smaller valence number. Thus, the ions Sn2+ and Sn4+ are named stannous ion and stannic ion. To use this system, you need to know the Latin name of an element. For example, the two ions of lead are the plumbous and plumbic ions. See Table 3.6 for more examples. 

To name a binary compound containing metal and a non-metal, write the name of the metal first and the name of the non-metal second. For example, a compound that contains potassium as the cation and bromine as the anion is called potassium bromide. Be sure to indicate the valence if necessary, using the Stock system. For example, a compound that contains Pb2+ and oxygen is called lead(II) oxide. 

To indicate that a binary compound is made up of two non-metals, a prefix is usually added to both non-metals in the compound. This prefix indicates the number of atoms of each element in one molecule or formula unit of the compound. For example, P205 is named diphosphorus pen-toxide. Alternatively, the Stock System may be used, and P205 can be named phosphorus (V) oxide. AsBr3 is named phosphorus tribromide. 

Naming ions of metals that form ions of more than one charge requires distinguishing between the possibilities. For example, iron forms Fe and Fe ions. We cannot call both of these iron ion because no one would know which of the two we meant. For monatomic cations of variable type, the charge in the form of a Roman numeral is attached to the element s name to indicate which ion we are talking about. For example, Fe is called iron(II) ion and Fe is called iron(lll) ion. This system of nomenclature is called the Stock system. 

The Stock system name—vanadium(II) ion—is easy. To use the classical system, we must know the answers to at least three questions (1) What is the charge on the other monatomic ion of vanadium (2) Is the Latin name for vanadium used in the classical system (3) If the Latin name is used, what is that name The Stock system was invented to make naming easier. 

Name the following ions by the Stock system, using Table 6.2 if necessary ... 

In Chapter 6, we learned how to name cations. In the Stock system, the charges on monatomic ions were used to distinguish between different ions of the same element. For example, Cu and Cu are named copper ion and copper(ll) ion, respectively. The Roman numeral actually represents the oxidation number, not the charge on the ion. Of course, for monatomic ions, the charge is equal to the oxidation number, and thus we used the charge to determine which Roman numeral to use. By using oxidation numbers, however, we can extend our compound-naming ability to include compounds other than those of monatomic ions. For example, Hg2 is called the mercury(I) ion because the oxidation number of each mercury atom is +1. 

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