Ionic compounds binary

In general, binary compounds of two nonmetals are molecular, whereas binary compounds formed by a metal and a nonmetal are ionic. Water (H20) is an example of a binary molecular compound, and sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of a binary ionic compound. As we shall see, these two types of compounds have... 

The formulas of ionic compounds have a different meaning from those of molecular compounds. Each crystal of sodium chloride has a different total number of cations and anions. We cannot simply specify the numbers of ions present as the formula of this ionic compound, because each crystal would have a different formula and the subscripts would be enormous numbers. However, the ratio of the number of cations to the number of anions is the same in all the crystals, and the chemical formula shows this ratio. In sodium chloride, there is one Na+ ion for each Cl ion so its formula is NaCl. Sodium chloride is an example of a binary ionic compound, a compound formed from the ions of two elements. Another binary compound, CaCl2, is formed from Ca2+ and Cl- ions in the ratio 1 2, which is required for electrical neutrality. 

EXAMPLE C.2 Sample exercise Writing the likely formula of a binary ionic compound... 

Write the formula of the binary ionic compound formed by magnesium and phosphorus. 

Self-Test C.2A Write the formula of the binary ionic compound formed by (a) calcium and chlorine (b) aluminum and oxygen. 

Predict the formulas of binary ionic compounds (Example C.2). 

Calcium and oxygen form a binary ionic compound. Write its formula. 

A peroxide can be a binary ionic compound containing the 02 2 ion, such as Na202, or a covalent compound, such as H202, with oxygen in the -1 oxidation state. 

Stable binary ionic compounds are formed from ions that have noble gas configurations. None of the compounds meet this requirement. First of all, C04 is not an ionic compound at all because it is a covalent compound, made from 2 nonmetals. Even so, C04 is not stable because with O2, C would have an oxidation number of +8, which is very unlikely. Consider the following ionic compounds composed of a metal and... 

An ionic compound is one that is composed of (positively charged) cations and (negatively charged) anions. Most binary ionic compounds are composed of a metal (which becomes the cation) and a nonmetal (which becomes the anion). 

An antisite defect is an atom on an inappropriate site in a crystal, that is, a site normally occupied by a different chemical species. In a compound of formula AB the antisite defects that can occur are an A atom on a site normally occupied by a B atom, or a B atom on a site normally occupied by an A atom. Antisite defects are not very important in binary ionic compounds, as the misplacement of an ion is energetically costly, and so unfavorable. In ternary ionic compounds, however, such as spinels, AB204, the transfer of A ions to B sites and vice versa, is not... 

Fig. 2-26. Band gap e, and bond energy AH, of binary ionic compounds. [From Vyb, 1970.]...

Ionic compounds consist of positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) hence, ionic compounds often consist of a metal and nonmetal. The electrostatic attraction between a cation and anion results in an ionic bond that results in compound formation. Binary ionic compounds form from two elements. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium fluoride (NaF) are examples of binary ionic compounds. Three elements can form ternary ionic compounds. Ternary compounds result when polyatomic ions such as carbonate (C032 ), hydroxide (OH-), ammonium (NH4+), form compounds. For example, a calcium ion, Ca2+, combines with the carbonate ion to form the ternary ionic compound calcium carbonate, CaC03. Molecular compounds form discrete molecular units and often consist of a combination of two nonmetals. Compounds such as water (H20), carbon dioxide (C02), and nitric oxide (NO) represent simple binary molecular compounds. Ternary molecular compounds contain three elements. Glucose ( 12 ) is a ternary molecular compound. There are several distinct differences between ionic and molecular compounds, as summarized in Table 1.2. 

Predicted Dependence of Structure Type on Cation/Anion Radius Ratio for Binary Ionic Compounds... 

Binary ionic compounds are named by identifying first the positive ion and then the negative ion. The positive ion takes the same name as the element the negative ion takes the first part of its name from the element and then adds the ending -ide. For example, KBr is named potassium bromide—potassium for the K+ ion, and bromide for the negative Br ion derived from the element bromine. Figure 2.11... 

Ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions (Section 2.8) are named in the same way as binary ionic compounds First the cation is identified and then the anion. For example, Ba(N03)2 is called barium nitrate because Ba2+ is the cation and the N03 polyatomic anion has the name nitrate. Unfortunately, there is no systematic way of naming the polyatomic ions themselves, so it s necessary to memorize the names, formulas, and charges of the most common ones listed in Table 2.3. The ammonium ion (NH4+) is the only cation on the list all the others are anions. 

Assume that 1.588 g of an alkali metal undergoes complete reaction with the amount of gaseous halogen contained in a 0.500 L flask at 298 K and 755 mm Hg pressure. In the reaction, 22.83 kj is released (AH = —22.83 kj). The product, a binary ionic compound, crystallizes in a unit cell with anions in a face-centered cubic arrangement and with cations centered along each edge between anions. In addition, there is a cation in the center of the cube. 

Structure of Simple Binary Ionic Compounds.—To be electrically neutral, every ionic compound must contain some positive and some negative ions. The simplest ones are those binary compounds that contain one positive and one negative ion. Obviously the positive ion must have lost the same number of electrons that the negative one has gained. Thus monovalent metals form such compounds with monovalent bases, divalent with divalent, and so on. In other words, this group includes compounds of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Cu+, Ag+, and Au+ with F-, C1-, Br, I- of Be++, Mg++, Ca++, Sr++, Ba++, Zn++, Cd++, Hg++, with 0—, S—, Se—, Te of B+++, A1+++, Ga+++, In+++, T1+++, with... 

Binary ionic compounds are compounds composed of two monatomic ions. These usually are a metallic cation and a nonmetallic anion. When naming these compounds, there are a few rules that need to be followed ... 

These are the main rules that are used to name binary ionic compounds. In most cases, the procedure is quite simple. For example, LiCl is named lithium chloride. Lithium is a group 1A element, so its name doesn t change, and the chloride comes from adding an ide ending to... 

A binary compound is an inorganic compound that contains two elements. Binary compounds may contain a metal and a non-metal or two non-metals. Binary compounds are often ionic compounds. To name a binary ionic compound, name the cation first and the anion second. For example, the compound that contains sodium and chlorine is called sodium chloride. 

Binary Ionic Compounds Binary ionic compounds are ionic compounds that have just two different elements present. Examples are NaCl and Mgl2. When naming a binary ionic compound, name the metal first and then name the non-metal with the ending -ide. There are no prefixes used when naming binary ionic compounds. The names of the example above are sodium chloride and magnesium iodide. 

Solution The first two ions are single atom anions and are called sulfide and nitride. The next two are binary ionic compounds, calcium fluoride and potassium sulfide. The polyatomic ions hydroxide and sulfate are present in sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfate. Finally, the last two compounds are covalently bonded and are called sulfur trioxide and carbon tetrachloride. 

Type II binary ionic compounds with the metal possessing more than one type of cation... 

Binary ionic compounds contain a positive ion (cation), always written first in the formula, and a negative ion (anion). In the naming of these compounds the following rules apply ... 

A Type I binary ionic compound contains a metal that forms only one type of cation. The rules for naming Type I compounds are illustrated by the following examples ... 

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