PP Staple Fiber

The traditional basic classification of PP staple fibers is carpet, woollen, cotton types and microfibers. These fiber types differ not only in... 

A fundamental portion of PP staple fibers is used in home textiles. PP staple fibers of the carpet type are used in ... 

Woollen types of PP staple fibers are used either alone or in blends with viscose staple fibers and natural fibers, particularly in ... 

The cotton type of PP staple fibers has also found wide application, either in pure yarns or in blended ones, particularly with viscose staple fibers and cotton. Their main applications are ... 

Newly developed technology for PP staple fiber is similar to BCF technology with modified cutting process at higher spinning and take-up speed. 

A short PP staple fiber extrusion Mackie CX unit (developed by Mackie Sons Ltd, UK) [89] can produce fibers below 1.5 denier, possessing the capacity to produce superbulk fiber through the introduction of a three-dimensional crimp, which represents another method of texturing. The Mackie unit allows different degrees of bulk in a controlled fashion. A typical Mackie CX Superbulk line consists of granule hoppers, melt chambers (each extrusion section consists of two... 

For the hygienic sector, 1.5-2.5 denier PP staple fibers with a yarn oil level of 0.6% are used. For PP polymers, gas-fading free spin finishes (e.g., Silastol GFE DG GF 18) are necessary. For highly stabilized... 

Spin finish for continuous filament and PP staple fibers (0.8-1.1%)... 

Morbisol SC Fratelli Lamberti SpA, 21041-Albizzate, Spin finish for PP staple fibers... 

In the case of 6.0-30 denier PP staple fibers for needle felts, the following requirements have to be met for spin and end finishes adjusted fiber-to-fiber friction for drawing good antistatic properties protection against mechanical damage with needlepunch processes one-way spin finish, i.e., the same spin finish for all positions. 

These higher PP staple fiber deniers require yarn oil levels of 0.6-1.0%. 

The spin finish properties (wetting time, special adhesive content) must be correlated with the customer s machinery availability to guarantee optimum application. The preparations for softening and antistatic protection of the PP staple fibers must be compatible with the stabilizers, and should be preferably liquid and have suitable fogging and ecological behavior [115]. The most important properties of nondurable antistats include low volatility, low toxicity, heat resistance, oil solubility, nonyellowing characteristics, and low flammability they should also be noncorrosive, especially if the treated material will come into contact with metallic processing equipment. 

Properties. As prepared, the polymer is not soluble in any known solvents below 200°C and has limited solubiUty in selected aromatics, halogenated aromatics, and heterocycHc Hquids above this temperature. The properties of Ryton staple fibers are in the range of most textile fibers and not in the range of the high tenacity or high modulus fibers such as the aramids. The density of the fiber is 1.37 g/cm which is about the same as polyester. However, its melting temperature of 285°C is intermediate between most common melt spun fibers (230—260°C) and Vectran thermotropic fiber (330°C). PPS fibers have a 7 of 83°C and a crystallinity of about 60%. 

Staple Fibers" under "Nonwoven Textile Fabrics" in ECT3rd ed., Vol. 16, pp. 104—124, by A. DreHch, Chicopee Division, Johnson Johnson. 

Fiber from PPS resins has been made in two forms. Monofilament is used in paper machine drier felts to replace polyester, which is attacked by the hot, corrosive conditions of papermaking. Staple fibers are made into filter bags for flue treatment, and are considered a growth area. 

Early in the manufacture of PP, a concept was developed for dry spinning directly from the solution obtained in the polymerization operation. Had it been feasible, it would have been the realization of a chemical engineer s dream the gaseous olefin fed into one end of the equipment, and the packaged fiber, ready for shipment to a textile mill, coming out the other end. But it did not turn out that way, and today melt spinning is the accepted technique for the production of staple fibers, monofilament, and multifilament yams. To this usual method have been added the fibrillation and the slit film procedures for producing yams. 

PP monofilaments have found broad application in cordage and fishing nets (which float), and if highly stabilized they are woven into fabrics used for outdoor furniture, tarpaulins, and similar applications. Large filament denier staple is used widely in indoor-outdoor carpets. Also, staple fibers have found major applications in tufted indoor carpets and nonwovens used for diaper, filtration, and civil engineering fabrics. 

The production figures of PP show impressive growth. The volume, which was less than 10 million lb in 1965, reached over 1.5 billion lb in 1990. This included approximately 17 percent filament yam, 23 percent staple fiber, 18 percent spunbonded fabrics, and 38 percent split film products. 

B. Baker, Staple Fiber Spinning with Reclaimed Polymers, IF J (June 1995), pp. 34-50. 

Polypropylene, PP, was blended with a random crystalline terpolymer of 96-85 wt% propylene, 1.5-5.0 wt% ethylene, and 2.5-10 wt% C4 g alpha-olefin. The blends were used to manufacture strands of multiple monofilamcmts m staple fibers with high resiliency and shrinkage, for pile fabric. 

Vaughn, E.A., Nonwoven Fabrics (Staple Fibers), Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 17, eds. J.I. Kroschwitz and M. Howe-Grant, Wiley, New York, 1996, pp. 303-335. 

Staple fibers can be carded and drawn into spun yarns in the same way as natural fibers, or they can be used in nonwoven fabrics. The PP resins used are usually homopolymers with MFRs from 10-30 g/10 min, depending on the application. 

Nonwoven fabrics account for more PP usage than any other single fiber application. There are three types of nonwoven fabrics thermobonded, from staple fibers spunbonded and melt-blown. The spunbonded and melt-blown processes are discussed below. The fabrics from each process differ from each other in properties and appearance, and often combinations of two types are used together. Spunbonded fabrics are strong, whereas melt-blown fabrics are soft and have high bulk. 

PP will grow in importance in relation to polyester and PAs especially in the field of nonwoven (staple fiber and spunbonded) and carpet yams. This is due to the fact that PP is a readily available and inexpensive raw material. Growth in most of the multifilament applications, such as industrial, furnishings and apparel will suffer due to PPs poor fiber dyeability. However PP will expand and penetrate into numerous special market niches. 

New forms of polypropylene (PP) fibrous material have emerged to supplement the established forms of staple fiber and continuous filaments [1]. These are of two distinct types. The first is stretched tape used extensively for woven sack fabrics. The second type relate to spht fiber tape yarns produced by splitting or fibrillation of highly oriented stretched tapes. 

The main categories of PP fibers, fibrous and related materials are the following monofilaments, multifilaments, staple fibers, nonwoven textiles (spunbonds, melt blowns), tapes, split films and others [1, 2, 3, 5]. 

During the 1980s, the PO (mainly PP) were considered to be among the most dynamically expanding sectors of the fiber market. During the 1990s, the world production of PP fibers of all types (staple fibers, filament yarns, BCF yarns, monofilaments, film tapes, and spunbonds) increased annually by approx. 200,000 tonnes. 

Contrary to the situation in Western Europe, PP filament yarns (including monofilaments and spunbonds) are much more marketable in the United States than PO staple fibers. In Japan, where PP fiber production is less prevalent, staple fibers and BCF yarns are used. 

According to estimates of the European Textile POs Association (EATP) Brussels, production in Western Europe in 1994 increased by 10% to 1.44 million tonnes. In USA, the production expanded by more than 12% to 1.146 million tonnes (staple fibers + 14%, filament yarns +18%, film tapes +3%). Other important producers of PP fibers are China, Indonesia, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and India (Table 6). 

Most of PP geotextiles are spunbonded, but also made of staple fibers which generate exceptionally strong needlepunched fabrics, resistant in all areas, piercing including. Such products are used as protection for membranes in landfill, but also in farms for lagoons and slurry pits. 

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