Types of Cotton

Cotton fibers are seed hairs from plants belonging to the order Malvales, family Malvaceae, tribe Gossypieae, and genus Gossypium. There are thirty-three recognized species, but only four are grown on a commercial scale in the world. These four species of cotton are hirsutum, barbadense, aboreum, and herbaceum. 

Gossypium hirsutum was developed in the United States from cotton that is native to Central America, Caribbean and Mexico. Currently, about 90% of cotton produced worldwide is G. hirsutum. The length of G. hirsutum tint fibers ranges from 25 to 36 mm and is suitable for apparel, home furnishing, and industry applications. 

Gossypium arboretum and Gossypium herbaceum are Old World cottons that are native to India and Pakistan, and Southern Africa and the Arabian Peninstrla, respectively. Both cottons are short (9.5-19 mm) and coarse. They mainly are produced in South Asia and Southeast Asia. 

Although there are maty different types of cottons, the formation process of cotton fibers is basically the same, as discussed below. 

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An earlier study by Gafa and Lattanzi [6] describes the use of commercial AOS, AS, SAS, and LAS surfactants. Three types of cotton test pieces were washed with a formulation containing surfactant (25%), silicate (8%), sodium... 

In the lab, the same primary sample types were used, and samples were also done to verify that the recovery from the coveralls alone was similar to that for the combined underwear plus coveralls patch and to verify that recovery from the individual types of cotton matrix was adequate. The results showed that recovery for the underwear was reduced by the large size of the garment compared to the patches used for the primary field and lab spiked samples. Recovery from the spiked cotton swabs was lower than expected but was still considered adequate (see Table 1). 

Mercerization apparently causes an appreciable increase in the amount of accessible cellulose in cotton while unsubstituted rayons appear to contain a greater proportion of intercrystalline cellulose than either type of cotton. The dye affinities and moisture-regain capacities of these fibers generally seem to be in the order of increasing accessibilities. 

These data, when compared to data from the other gins fall within the high and low values reported for older gins, handling similar types of cotton. Thus, the low values reported in this paper appear to be the result of ginning relatively clean cottons or from cotton ginned when ambient wind direction was favorable, or both, rather than resulting from an intentional machinery layout pattern. 

The prototype cotton-dust analyzer used in the initial study was designed to measure dust smaller than 100 pm, whereas a vertical elutriator in a card room measures only the dust that is smaller than about 15 pm. Differences in particle size distributions of dust from various types of cotton would likely affect the relationship between the two dust measurements. Therefore, we deemed it necessary to investigate the use of sizing screens with smaller openings i.e., openings whose size approximated the maximum size of particles collected by a vertical elutriator. The purpose of this report is to describe additional modifications to the cotton-dust analyzer and to present data on the performance of the machine when 17-, 50-, and 100-pm sizing screens were used. 

In a previous section, data and plots were given showing the rapid rise in consumption and production of manufactured fibers at the expense of natural fibers. The principal reason for this has been the wide range of manufactured fiber variants that can be produced from a single fiber-forming polymer. The wide range of polymers available, each with its particular properties, adds yet another dimension. This is not to say that there is only one type of cotton, wool, silk, or asbestos fiber there are many varieties of natural fibers, but their supply is limited by natural factors such as climate and genetics. The relative availabilities of manufactured fiber types can be altered by controlled chemical-process... 

This is cultivated in the United States, and is the most abundant type of cotton. The staple varies between 1 and 1-25 in. and the diameter is 1/1200 in. It has a good natural colour but cannot be used for the extremely fine counts. 

Figure 9.7 Comparison of three different types of cotton (Beton et al., 2014).

The effect of mercerization on tensile properties depends on the type of cotton tested. In one study six G. barbadense samples were slack mercerized and the breaking forces and tenacities of the fibers relative to their nonmercerized counterparts ranged from 88 to 122% and from 80 to 114%, respectively [314]. A larger change was found in the case of a G. 

PCA is primarily a mathematical method for data reduction and it does not assume that the data have any particular distribution. We have seen how PCA can be used to reduce the dimensionality of a data set and how it may thus reveal clusters. It has been used, for example, on the results of Fourier transform spectroscopy in order to reveal differences between hair from different racial groups and for classifying different types of cotton fibre. In another example the concentrations of a number of chlorobiphenyls were measured in specimens from a variety of marine mammals. A PCA of the results revealed differences between species, differences between males and females, and differences between young and adult individuals. PCA also finds application in multiple regression (see Section 8.10). 

The aim of the present study is to determine by XPS the chemical surface characteristics of different types of cotton fibers and to compare these characteristics with thermodynamic surface properties (surface energy) of the fibers, previously determined by means of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution[3,4] Three types of cotton fibers of different varieties and exhibiting different maturities and wax contents are analyzed as received (raw fibers) or after having been extracted (extracted fibers) in hot ethanol for 6h. These results are compared with those previously obtained by inverse gas chromatography analysis. 

Chapter 10 - The chemical surface composition of three types of cotton fibers, fi om different origins and exhibiting different characteristics, is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown that the surface properties of raw fibers are determined, to a... 

The physical parameters of simple flax and hemp fibres are similar to those of cotton. This, for quite a long time, has been a reason for the interest in the possible utilization of bast fibres, properly modified, for manufacturing yarns blended with cotton and chemical fibres. The principle of modification of flax and hemp fibres (cottonization) is to make hemp fibres resemble cotton fibres. The following three types of cottonized hemp fibres can be obtained ... 

The torn or cut fibers are processed according to the type of cotton and mainly the worsted or mock-worsted spinning principle (Chapter 3). The staple length is adjusted according to the spinning process. 

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