Denier per filament

Yarns and Fibers. Many different acetate and triacetate continuous filament yams, staples, and tows are manufactured. The variable properties are tex (wt in g of a 1000-m filament) or denier (wt in g of a 9000-m filament), cross-sectional shape, and number of filaments. Individual filament fineness (tex per filament or denier per filament, dpf) is usually in the range of 0.2—0.4 tex per filament (2—4 dpf). Common continuous filament yams have 6.1, 6.7, 8.3, and 16.7 tex (55, 60, 75, and 150 den, respectively). However, different fabric properties can be obtained by varying the filament count (tex per filament or dpf) to reach the total tex (denier). 

Several tex terms are important in filter-tow processing tex (denier) per filament, total tex (denier) of the uncrimped tow (the product of the tex per filament multipHed by the number of filaments in the tow band), and crimped total tex (denier), which is somewhat higher than the total tex (denier). 

Microdenier Fibers. The first commercial production of microfiber in the United States was in 1989 by the DuPont Company. Today microfibers are produced in a variety of synthetic fibers (i.e., polyester, nylon, acrylic, etc.) A microfiber is a fiber that is less than one denier per filament. Yams made from microdenier filaments are able to give silklike hand to fabrics. 

Microfibers Also known as microdenier fibers. These are fibers having less than 1 denier per filament (or less than 0.11 tex per filament). Fabrics made of such microfibers have superior silk-like handle and dense construction. They find applications in stretch fabrics, lingerie, rain wear, etc. 

Polypropylene. HALS (LS-1) provided outstanding light stabilizing effectiveness in polypropylene fibers (16 denier per filament) (Table I) ... 

If one assumes the total production is a single 5 denier per filament (dpf) ( 20 pm in diameter) filament, the total length would be about 0.01 light years ( 10 " m) or the equivalent of about one million trips to the moon. While other polyesters are commercially produced in fiber form—poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) poly(propylene terephthalate) (PPT) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) thermotropic polyester (liquid crystalline polymer (LCP)—these are of insignificant volume compared to PET. Hence this chapter focuses primarily on PET. 

Carbon black is a well-known stabilizer for polyolefins, but has limited utility in fibers unless a black fiber is desired. Even then, the stability of black fibers is not sufficient for many current end-uses. UV absorbers are reasonably effective in products of thick cross section but are of hmited value for products of low denier per filament. The small cross section prevents absorption from being effective. 

Denier It is the weight in grams of 9000 m of fiber, and it is a measure of the linear density of the fiber. For the same type of fiber, the larger the diameter, the bigger the denier. Because fibers are usually bundled in a yam as mentioned earlier, the term total denier is used and it refers to the denier of the yam. The term denier per filament (DPF) is a common term in the fiber industry, and it refers to the denier of a single filament (it is also equal to the total denier divided by the number of filaments in the yam). 

Denier per filament (DPF) fi-l9-m9nt n. The denier of an individual continuous filament or an individual staple fiber if it were continuous. In filament yarns, it is the yam denier divided by the number of filaments. Joespeh ML (1986) Textile science, 5th edn. CBS College Publishing, New York. 

Microdenier Refers to fibers having less than 1 denier per filament or 0.1 tex per filament. 

Total denier n. The denier of a tow before it is crimped. It is the product of the denier per filament and the number of filaments in the tow. The total denier after crimping (called crimped total denier) is higher because of the resultant increase in weight per unit length. 

Acrylic fibers are sold mainly as staple and tow. Staple lengths may vary from 25 to 150 mm, depending on the end use. Fiber fineness may vary from 1.0 to 22 dtex (0.9-20 dpf dpf = denier per filament), 2.2 dtex (2.0 dpf), and 1.3 dtex (1.2 dpf) are the most common forms. Tow is sold as a bimdle of up to 2.2 million kilotex (2.0 million total denier). 

Figure 4 (a) UV stability of polypropylene fiber exposed in a weatherometer (BPT refers to back panel temjjerature). (b) UV stability of polypropylene fiber exposed outdoors in Florida (dpf refers to denier per filament). 

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