Powder cleansers

Both powder all-purpose cleaner and powder cleansers are still in the U.S. market and maintain large shares of the market in developing areas of the world. Powder cleansers are still a major part of the abrasive cleaning subcategory, but... 

Unlike their parent product, powder cleansers, the cream cleansers usually use the gentler calcite abrasive. This, combined with their liquid form, helps to convey the image of less harsh cleaning to the consumer. This is especially important to consumers who have softer, plastic surfaces in their bathrooms such as the fiberglass (polymethyl methacrylate) shower enclosures which are much more easily marred than the traditional vitreous materials [18]. 

Powder cleansers may also use pigments, but this is significantly less of a problem in nonliquid systems.) Most liquid cleaners use dyes as their coloring system, and, as with fragrances, the primary chemical compatibilities must be considered when picking a color system. 

One major innovation to the cleanser arena was the marketing of cream cleansers, with the patent art dating back to 1964 [18]. These products are fundamentally a liquid APC with suspended abrasive. These are packaged in plastic bottles for the most part, and are most popular in European markets. Cream cleansers or scouring creams (as they are called in Europe) are used similarly as powder cleansers. It is interesting that consumers view them as less abrasive than the powder cleansers, although for the most part they use the same abrasives used in modem powder cleansers. 

The other change from powder cleansers is the variation in abrasive. Some cream cleansers have been commercialized with soluble abrasive. This is intended to circumvent the rinsing difficulties of standard abrasives, which consumers speak about having to chase down the drain. A soluble salt such as sodium carbonate or borax may be added to the formula in excess of its solubility limit, so that some of it is in the form of suspended particles. When the cleanser is rinsed the product is further diluted and reportedly the expected result is dissolution of the particulate salt [28-30]. 

Chlorinated trisodium phosphate is still used in sanitizing cleaners and powdered cleansers. About 34,0001 with an average of 3.65% available chlorine were used in the United States in 1987.5... 

Ground-up limestone (CaC03) is used as a gentle abrasive in some powdered cleansers. Why is this a better choice than ground-up soda ash (Na2C03) ... 

Do you help with the housekeeping at home Do you clean your bathtub Do you use a commercial product intended just for that purpose Or bleach, or powdered cleanser It is important to know that you should never mix bleach and powdered cleanser together—doing so results in a chemical reaction that releases poisonous chlorine gas. The vapor from the reaction could do very serious damage to your lungs. 

Powdered cleansers, besides abrasive agent and bleach, contain about 3% surfactant, usually an anionic. 

The use of chlorinated trisodium phosphate is declining. It has been largely replaced by chlorinated isocyanurates in powdered abrasive cleansers and automatic dishwash detergents to reduce cost, improve performance, or comply with restrictions on the use of phosphates. Some chlorinated trisodium phosphate is stiU used in commercial laundries and in disinfectant cleaners. 

Most of the CA produced commercially is chlorinated to produce SDCC, SDCC-H, PDCC, TCCA, and the double salt TCCA4PDCC. These have become standard ingredients in formulations for scouring powders, household bleaches, institutional and industrial cleansers, automatic dishwasher compounds, and general sanitizers, and most importantly, in swimming pool and spa/hot tub disinfection. The choice of chloroisocyanurate for any particular... 

Aqueous or alcoholic (70%) solution Mouthwash Dry powder spray Scalp and skin cleanser... 

If the new niche for the perfume is its use in cosmetics, toiletries or household product, then the niche-product interaction becomes very important. Perfumes are used specifically for their odor whereas in these new niches several new factors must be considered. For example, the perfume oil used in creams must not cause discoloration the fragrance used in a powdered detergent must be alkali resistant a fabric softener is expected to leave clothes with a pleasant odor and even a household cleanser must have a pleasant and functional odor, although active chlorine places difficulty on the stability of the perfume oil. Of course, decisions can affect or modify the product (perfume) or the niche (e.g. creams). 

Monobasic sodium phosphate is used in baking powders, acid cleansers, electroplating, as a dry acidulant, and in treating boiler water. It also is a nutrient supplement in food. It is a laboratory reagent used as a buffer. 

Hard-Surface Cleaning. Products used Tor hard-surface cleaning around the home include the hand- and automatic dishwashing products, the liquid and powder floor and wall cleaners, and the abrasive scouring cleansers. 

Of value in skin diseases and sluggish liver, in which latter case it should be given in combination with a mild laxative. The dose is 3-4 tablespoonfuls of the decoction of 1 ounce to 1 pint after simmering from 1 1/2 pints. This may be used as a mouthwash for ulcers, etc., and the powder makes a first-rate medicinal cleanser for the teeth. 

Oxidation-reduction reactions can be used for bleaching materials and sanitizing water. Sodium hypochlorite is used in solution as a liquid laundry bleach and as a solid component of dishwasher powders and cleansers. Calcium hypochlorite is often used for swimming pool sanitation. The hypochlorites kill bacteria in water by oxidizing them. Ozoue is a powerful oxidizing agent that can also be used to purify water. The ozone destroys bacteria and organic pollutants. Water that has been sanitized by ozone is free of the unpleasant taste, smell, and byproducts associated with chlorinated water. 

Use Washing powders, laundering, wool scouring powders, bottle cleansers, textile cleaners, mild detergents. 

Use Boiler-water treatment, electroplating, dyeing, acid cleansers, baking powders, cattle feed supplement, buffer, emulsifier, nutrient supplement in food, lab reagent, acidulant. 

Both cleansers and all-purpose cleaners are now also available in liquid forms, which were the next stage of their evolution. The liquid form has two main advantages. Liquids can be formulated in a concentrated form that can be diluted by the consumer before use to the desired strength. This dilution operation is easier for the consumer because the liquid form mixes easier and dissolves better than the powder form that preceded it. The liquids can also be used straight from the container on heavily soiled areas the powder cleaners had to be made into a paste before they could be applied. 

Originally, toilet bowl cleaners, like all-purpose cleaners, were powders based largely on sodium bisulfate [364], They were packaged in dispensers very much like powder abrasive cleansers. In fact, many products that have been mentioned in this review are used to clean the toilet. General bathroom cleaners, liquid and powder abrasive scourers, all-purpose cleaners, and even simple household bleach are used by consumers for this task. Modern cleaners specialized for toilet bowl cleaning, however, have one factor in common that these other formulas... 

POlytrap. [Dow Coming] Acrylates copolymer or blends adsorptive powder for control of fluid delivery for makeup, sun care prods., skin care prods., antiperspirants, perfumes, pressed pow., facial cleansers. 

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