Mouthwash solution

Erythritol is also used as a noncariogenic sweetener in toothpastes and mouthwash solutions. 

Povidone reduces the adherence of oral bacteria to tooth enamel and therefore it could be used in buccal preparations e.g. mouthwash solution as microbial antiadherent agent [589]. It also can be used as mucoadhesive for buccal coats of verapamil [612] or for bioadhesive buccal tablets of nicotine [639,641]. 

The principal commercial use of stannous fluoride is in toothpaste formulations and other dental preparations, eg, topical solutions, mouthwash, chewing gum, etc, for preventing demineralization of teeth (21—23) (see Dentifrices). 

Microemulsions or solubilized or transparent systems are very important ia the marketing of cosmetic products to enhance consumer appeal (32,41). As a rule, large quantities of hydrophilic surfactants are required to effect solubilization. Alternatively, a combination of a solvent and a surfactant can provide a practical solution. In modem clear mouthwash preparations, for example, the flavoring oils are solubilized in part by the solvent (alcohol) and in part by the surfactants. The nature of solubilized systems is not clear. Under normal circumstances, microemulsions are stable and form spontaneously. Formation of a microemulsion requires Httle or no agitation. Microemulsions may become cloudy on beating or cooling, but clarity at intermediate temperatures is restored automatically. 

Aqueous or alcoholic (70%) solution Mouthwash Dry powder spray Scalp and skin cleanser... 

Mouthwashes are aqueous concentrated solutions containing one or more active ingredients and excipients. They are used by swishing the liquid in the oral cavity. Approximately 15-30 ml. of mouthwash are used for single mouthful of rinse for about a minute. Mouthwashes can be used for therapeutic and cosmetic purpose. Therapeutic mouthwashes are used to reduce plaque, dental caries, gingivitis and stomatitis while cosmetic mouthwashes are used to reduce bad breath and it contains used antimicrobial and/or flavoring agent. Mouthwashes other than used for cosmetic purpose, should only be used under the direction of physician/dentist since it contains certain medicines. 

Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone-Iodine Mouthwash and Gargle Solution Concentrate... 

Povidone-iodine is a macromolecular complex (poly-I(I-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone) that is used as an iodophor. It is formulated as a 10% applicator solution, a 2% cleansing solution, and in many topical formulations, for example aerosol sprays, aerosol foams, vaginal gels, ointments, and mouthwashes. Because it contains very little free iodine (less than 1 ppm in a 10% solution) its antibacterial effectiveness is only moderate compared with that of a pure solution of iodine. 

Mouthwash An aqueous solution which is most often used for its deodorant, refreshing, or antiseptic effect. 

The dosage forms of topical fluoride currently available include varnishes, dentifrices, solutions, gels, mouthwashes, and prophylaxis pastes. These various forms are outlined in Table 3. 

Atrophic gastritis was reported in a 72-year-old man with Parkinson s disease who had used a 4% chlorhexidine solution as a daily mouthwash but had also swallowed it. Gastroscopy showed multiple erosions in the lower part of his stomach and the first part of the duodenum (30). 

For skin disinfection, chlorhexidine has been formulated as a 0.5% w/v solution in 70% v/v ethanol and, in conjunction with detergents, as a 4% w/v surgical scrub. Chlorhexidine salts may also be used in topical antiseptic creams, mouthwashes, dental gels, and in urology for catheter sterilization and bladder irrigation. 

Hexetidine is used as an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics and nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations. Therapeutically, hexetidine is mainly used as a 0.1% w/v solution in mouthwash formulations for the prevention and treatment of minor local infections, gingivitis, and mouth ulcers. 

Sodium borate is used in pharmaceutical applications similarly to boric acid (see Boric Acid). It has been used externally as a mild astringent and as an emulsifying agent in creams. It has also been used in lozenges, mouthwashes, otic preparations (0.3% w/v), and ophthalmic solutions (0.03-1.0% w/v). Sodium borate has additionally been investigated in the prevention of crystal formation in freeze-dried solutions. Preparations of sodium borate in honey have historically been used as paints for the throat, tongue, and mouth, but such use is now inadvisable because of concerns about toxicity in such applications, see Section 14. Sodium borate is also used in cosmetics such as moisturizers, deodorants, and shampoos. 

Brush teeth (night and morning) or use mouthwash Measure end-expiratory fasting breath H2 Give lactose solution (50 g in 180 mL water)... 

Cyclic alkylammonium compounds resemble the linear products in their properties. They are widely found in antiseptic solutions, cremes, shampoos, and mouthwashes. As an example for this class of compounds, Fig. 5-48 displays the chromatogram of a dodecylpyridinium chloride. Its individual components, with the exception of the main component, exhibit a similar retention behavior to that of Benzalkon A. The minor components of this sample are presumably tetradecyl- and hexadecylpyridinium chloride. 

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