Profitability potential

Conceptual design—the generation of ideas for new processes (process synthesis) and their translation into an initial design. This stage includes preliminaiy cost estimates to assess the potential profitability of the process, as well as analyses of process safety and environmental considerations. 

By varying the prices, quantities and costs, the farmer can assess the potential profitability of the different products or enterprises. One approach is to estimate how much has to be sold in order to break even at a particular price. Alternatively, the farmer can estimate how much is available for sale and, on that basis, work out what price needs to be charged in order to break even. If the price appears to be too high, it is for the farmer to decide between increasing sales or reducing costs. 

The main difference between price discrimination and Ramsey pricing is that the former model results in the highest potential profit for the monopolist, whereas Ramsey pricing, as a prescriptive tool for regulating a public monopoly, only aims at recovering the sunk cost of the investment. 

A potentially profitable discovery was that dibromide 74 will undergo an Ullman-type coupling to give the corresponding bis(l,2,4-triazole) 76 in 51% the reaction conditions employed were chosen in order that a trifluoromethyl substituent could be introduced but this reaction did not occur, the biaryl bond formation being preferred (Equation 27) <2006T3301 >. 

Process Reliability Simulation VIP The process reliability simulation VIP is the use of reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) computer simulation modeling of the process and the mechanical reliability of the facility. A principal goal is to optimize the engineering design in terms of life cycle cost, thereby maximizing the project s potential profitability. The objective is to determine the optimum relationships between maximum production rates and design and operational factors. Process reliability simulation is also applied for safety purposes, since it considers the consequences of specific equipment failures and failure modes. 

Chemclood is a commercially available technology for the treatment of waste battery sites. Whole or broken batteries are typically sent off-site to separate the lead, plastic, and battery paste. The Chemclood process can provide potential profits from recovered lead and plastic, which can be recycled and sold. 

In spite of all of the dangers associated with opium trafficking—the heavy fines, imprisonment, and possible death for the couriers—the potential profits of the trade remain too high to resist. As a result, the transport of opium remains a reality. 

Orphan Drug Act (1983). "Orphans drugs" are drugs and other medical products for treating rare diseases. They may offer limited potential profit to the manufacturer but may benefit people with these diseases. To foster development, this law allows drug companies to take tax deductions for about three-quarters of the cost of their clinical studies. 

The FDCA expressly permits administrative seizure on the basis of an ex parte showing of reasonable belief [21 U.S.C. 334 (g)]. Seizure of a company s inventory deprives the company of both capital investment and potential profit. 

Second, WTO rules authorize governments to use compulsory licenses for pharmaceutical products. Thus, the expected benefits of the patent right to the patentee are reduced, and this maybe of particular importance in the case of neglected diseases. This does not mean that the use of compulsory licenses is inappropriate, but there can be no question that it may reduce the potential profits of patentees, and hence harms their incentives to undertake research on neglected diseases. 

Use Research., Use research is applied research in the laboratory, field, or plant aimed at determining the potential profitable applications for the new plastic. Such research would include the evaluation and comparison of the new material with potentially competitive material now successfully used. 

An item of major importance to the preparation of an applications campaign is a complete and easily understood checklist for the collection of all the information that will ultimately be needed by both technical and market-research personnel at his home office. This form should include space for observations on the total size of the market, the share enjoyed by the company interviewed, and the probable influence of selling price of the new material within that market. Only when the interviewer brings back information from which the technical obstacles, market size, and potential profitability can all be judged realistically on a preliminary basis—only then can a commercial development manager make the necessary decisions on the future for his material. 

In analyzing the economics of tire utilization, it is helpful to consider each situation where cost data are available in terms of the profit per tire. Entrepreneurs will launch a tire processing facility only if the potential profit per tire is high enough. The profit per tire may be computed from the equation shown below ... 

Industrial catalysis research can be both fundamental and applied. The long-term objective must be to make a profit using the knowledge of catalysis acquired through research. Different project evaluation schemes are used to assess the potential profit of catalysis-related research. Such factors as company size, business philosophy, competition, and economic conditions affect the ratio of applied to fundamental catalysis research. 

In 1787 Eleuthere Irenee du Pont worked at Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier s saltpeter plant in Essone, France. Here he was exposed to the craft of gunpowder manufacturing and to the application of Lavoisier s new chemistry to an industrial process. When du Pont arrived in the United States in 1800, he began to search for a potentially profitable business op-... 

The distance between Black and Watt is also reduced when we recognize that Black had an entrepreneurial side, or at least an interest in funding practical, potentially profitable projects. The first partnership between Black and Watt was in late 1759 when Watt, Alexander Wilson and Black associated in a venture to produce improved clocks. Other partnerships involving the two men (sometimes with other parties) included a hardware shop and a scheme for producing alkali from salt.15... 

Fig. 7.1 Potential profit improvement levers related to e-commerce Source Deutsche Banc Alex. Brown estimates, McKinsey analysis...

All potential medicines for indications or diseases meeting prevalence numbers should qualify for designation and a drug s potential profitability should not be a barrier to receiving orphan drug designation. 

As a simple example, the life span of a US patent used to be easy to calculate US patents used to last 17 years, calculated from the date of issue. But US patents filed after 7 June 1995 now last 20 years, calculated from the date of filing (which has been typical outside the United States for many years). Also, a form of tax, known as a maintenance fee, is now imposed on US patents. If the patentee does not pay each fee as it becomes due, the patent lapses. Lastly, patents can be extended via two different mechanisms. Under the rules of Patent Term Restoration, certain patents, mostly pharmaceutical patents, can be extended for up to five years. The theory is that the patentee has suffered an injustice because he or she was essentially denied a portion of the patent s life and not allowed to earn potential profit from the patented invention because of the need to first obtain regulatory (e.g. FDA) approval before bringing the product to market. Under the rules of Patent Term Adjustment, extensions can also be obtained for certain procedural delays during the prosecution of a patent application. The actual term extension for each patent is determined by its specific facts. These two calculations are independent of one another. 

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