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Potassium chloride sylvinite

Potassium Chloride. The principal ore encountered in the U.S. and Canadian mines is sylvinite [12174-64-0] a mechanical mixture of KCl and NaCl. Three beneficiation methods used for producing fertilizer grades of KCl ate thermal dissolution, heavy media separation, and flotation (qv). The choice of method depends on factors such as grade and type of ore, local energy sources, amount of clay present, and local fuel and water availabiUty and costs. [Pg.232]

Froth Flotation. Froth flotation (qv) of potassium chloride from sylvinite ores accounts for ca 80% of the potassium chloride produced in North America and about 50% of the potassium chloride in Europe and the CIS. Fractional crystallisation and heavy-media processing account for the remaining amounts produced. Froth flotation has been described (6,16,17). [Pg.525]

Large deposits of sylvinite (42.7% KCl, 56.6% NaCl) near Carlsbad, New Mexico, account for 85% of the potassium products produced in the U.S. The potassium chloride can be separated by either fractional crystallization or flotation. Potassium chloride is also obtained from the brines of Searles Lake, California. All these sources give potash (97% potassium chloride) with a 60% K2O equivalent for fertilizer use. A chemical-grade product can be obtained to a purity of 99.9% potassium chloride. Almost all potash produced is potassium chloride. Potash is used mainly as fertilizer (88%) with a small amount (12%) used in chemical manufacture. [Pg.88]

Several ores containing potassium chloride are found commonly in nature. The principle ores are sylvite, KCl carnalhte, KCl MgCl2 6H20 kainite, KCl MgS04"3H20 and sylvinite, a naturally occuring mixture of sylvite and halite (common salt). Potassium chloride also is found in sea water at an average concentration of 0.076% (w/v). [Pg.746]

Potassium chloride is produced by several processes. The salt is recovered from natural brine by solar evaporation in shallow ponds. Various methods are employed in mining ores from their natural deposits. Usually it is recovered from sylvinite or a naturally occuring complex mixture of langbeinite and kainite. [Pg.747]

In the latter half of the nineteenth centuiy the United States was dependent on the vast Stassfurt deposits of Germany for the potassium compounds needed as fertilizers. In 1911 Congress appropriated funds for a search for domestic minerals, salts, brines, and seaweeds suitable for potash production (67). The complex brines of Searles Lake, California, a rich source of potassium chloride, have been worked up scientifically on the basis of phase-rule studies with outstanding success. Oil drillers exploring the Permian Basin for oil became aware of the possibility of discovering potash deposits through chemical analysis of the cores of saline strata. A rich bed of sylvinite, a natural mixture of sylvite (potassium chloride) and halite (sodium chloride), was found at Carlsbad, New Mexico. At the potash plane near Wendover, Utah, the raw material, a brine, is worked up by solar evaporation (67). [Pg.460]

Potassium chloride is also extracted from sylvinite, a mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides, by a similar process to that used for eamallite. [Pg.527]

Deposits of sylvinite (43% by weight potassium chloride and 57% by weight sodium chloride) account for large amounts of naturally occurring potassium. The potassium chloride can be separated by either fractional crystallization or flotation. Brine is also a valuable source of potassium chloride. A small amount of potassium sulfate is isolated from natural deposits, and potassium nitrate is manufactured by two processes. [Pg.422]

Carnallite KC1. MgCl2. 6H20 and sylvinite which is a mixture of sodium and potassium chlorides arc of the greatest technical importance as raw materials necessary to produce potassium chloride. Sylvine (KC1) is a mineral rarely found in the nature. The above mentioned minerals arc not to be found in the earth in a pure form. Carnallite is usually combined with common salt, kieserite (MgS04. H20) and anhydrite (CaS04) sylvinite is usually contaminated by... [Pg.237]

Czechoslovakia has no raw material of this kind so potassium chloride is imported mainly from Stassfurt (where it is prepared from carnallite) and from Alsace (where it is obtained from sylvinite) and Palestine (the Dead-Sea). In the USSR the largest deposits of sylvinite and carnallite are found in the territory between the river Kama and the Ural mountains (Solikamsk). Other potassium salt deposits are at Stebnik near Drogobycz and at Kaluga in West Ukraine. Spain has deposits of sylvinite and carnallite in Catalonia. Deposits... [Pg.238]

The ore zone or stratum typically contains potassium or potassium-magnesium minerals along with halite (sodium chloride). Muriate of potash is refined from sylvinite ore, a mechanical mixture of potassium chloride (KC1) and sodium chloride (NaCl). Because the latter salt is injurious to most crop plants, the KC1 (sylvite) must be separated from the NaCl (halite). [Pg.1136]

Potassium chloride occurs naturally as the mineral sylvite or sylvine it also occurs in other minerals such as sylvinite, camallite, and kainite. Commercially, potassium chloride is obtained by the solar evaporation of brine or by the mining of mineral deposits. [Pg.601]

In the deposits of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Werra-Fulda region so-called hard salts are found (mixtures of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate and anhydrite) with camallite seams, which are also found in the Hanover region. Sylvinite, a mixture of sodium and potassium chloride, is also found there. [Pg.206]

Potassium salt deposits are the major raw materiEil source for K fertilizers. These undergound deposits were formed by the evaporation of sea water hence, NaCl is always present as a major contaminant. ME esium salts are also present and these are combined with sulfates md/or chlorides. Potassium chloride (sylvite) is the predominant K form in most deposits, but K also occurs as langbeinite (New Mexico) and as kainite (Sicily) to a limited extent. Some of the langbeinite and virtually all of the kainite is converted to K2SO4 (Barber et al., 1971). However, sylvinite ores are the principal reserves that are economically exploitable and these are judged to be our principal source of K for the next several decades (Adams, 1968). [Pg.533]

World production volume doubled in the 10 years from 1961 to 1971 from 9.82 to 19.1 million tonnes of K2O equivalent, and rose to 25.8 million tonnes in 1976. Since then, however, production growth appears to have levelled, with 27.5 million tonnes produced in 1990. At the 1976 levels of production, the present Canadian reserves of 107 x 10 tonnes of potassium chloride (67 x 10 tonnes, K2O equivalent), primarily in sylvinite and carnallite minerals, would be sufficient to supply the world demand for some 2600 years. West German and Russian reserves appear to be of a similar order of magnitude [24]. The process technologies available for potassium chloride recovery, including illustrations of equipment used, have recently been reviewed [25]. [Pg.185]

Solar evaporation, from primary and secondary ponds of 100 and 30 km in extent, the initial stage for potassium chloride recovery from the Dead Sea brines [26]. The smaller number of constituent ions present in these waters significantly simplifies salts recovery, and the fact that they contain nearly twice the relative potassium chloride concentration of seawater also improves profitability. Developed from a process, which was first operated in 1931, evaporation in the first pond reduces the volume of the brine to about one-half of the initial volume and brings down much of the sodium chloride together with a small amount of calcium sulfate (Fig. 6.5). The concentrated brines are then transferred to the secondary pond where evaporation of a further 20% of the water causes carnallite (KCl MgCli 6H2O) and some further sodium chloride to crystallize out. With care, a 95% potassium chloride product on a scale of some 910,000 tonne/year is obtained either by countercurrent extraction of the carnallite with brines, or by hot extraction of potassium chloride from the sylvinite matrix followed by fractional crystallization for its eventual recovery [16]. [Pg.187]

FIGURE 6.6 Flow diagram of the separation of fertilizer grade potassium chloride (sylvite) from sylvinite by froth flotation in saturated brine. [Pg.189]

Froth flotation of the surface-sensitized pulp by vigorous aeration and agitation in saturated brine (density ca. 1.18 g/mL), first in a series of rougher cells with further refinement in cleaner units, produces a stable froth consisting almost entirely of beneficiated potassium chloride and an underflow of sodium chloride (particle densities of 1.984 and 2.165 g/mL), respectively. Potassium chloride recoveries from sylvinite by this procedure are 90 to 95% complete [22]. [Pg.189]

Innovative technology has been successfully applied to the preferential solution mining of potassium chloride from the sylvinite deposits 215 m thick and lying some 1600 m below the surface situated under much of southern Saskatchewan. These beds would at best be only marginally profitable to mine by... [Pg.190]

FIGURE 6.9 Potassium chloride from subterranean sylvinite by solution mining. [Pg.191]

Froth flotation is used to raise the low mineral concentrations in ores to concentrations that can be more economically processed. A concentration of 25-30% is suitable for economical smelting of copper. The froth flotation technique was originally developed in about 1910 to raise the copper concentrations of the strip-mined ores of Bingham Canyon, near Salt Lake City [9], and was further perfected for the differential separation of lead, zinc, and iron sulfides at Trail, B.C., at about the same time [10]. Flotation technologies are now widely used for separations such as the beneficiation of low grade Florida phosphate ores from 30-40% to 60-70% concentrations of calcium phosphate (BPL), and the separation of about 98% potassium chloride from sylvinite, a natural mixture of potassium and sodium chlorides. It is also used for bitumen separation from tar sand, removal of slate from coal, and removal of ink from repulped paper stock preparatory to the manufacture of recycled paper stock. More details of these separations are discussed in the relevant chapters. [Pg.395]

Potassium chloride (poe-TAS-ee-yum KLOR-ide) occurs as a white or colorless crystalline solid or powder. It is odorless, but has a strong saline (salty) taste. It occurs naturally in the minerals sylvite, carnallite, kainite, and sylvinite. It also occurs in sea water at a concentration of about 0.076 percent (grams per milliliter of solution). Potassium chloride is the most abundant compound of the element potassium and has the greatest number of applications of any salt of potassium. By far the most important application of potassium chloride is in the manufacture of fertilizers. [Pg.639]

KCl is the most important form of potash and is our main interest here. While deposits of sodium chloride are essentially crystalline NaCl with accompanying impurities, potassium chloride frequently exists in mixed ores. Much of it occurs as sylvinite, a mechanical mixture of sylvite (KCl) and halite (NaCl). Sylvite crystals are quite similar... [Pg.488]

This example considers the production of potassium chloride from 100,000 ton/year of sylvinite (47.7% KCl, 52.3% NaCl). Data are given in Cistemas et al. (2001). The solution found is shown in figure 3. The problem formulation in 293 equations and 239 variables (27 binary variables) was solved using OSL2 (GAMS). The optimal solution... [Pg.87]


See other pages where Potassium chloride sylvinite is mentioned: [Pg.104]    [Pg.104]    [Pg.324]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.868]    [Pg.429]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.524]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.525]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.429]    [Pg.454]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.193]    [Pg.431]    [Pg.238]    [Pg.1082]    [Pg.276]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.488 ]




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