Economic Exploitation

K2SO-2 MgSO, and halite and (5) kainite ore, kainite [1318-72-5] 4(KC1 MgSO -11H20, and halite. More than 90% of the estimated potassium reserves occur principally as sylvinite and camaUitite (107). Sylvite, the richest of the minerals at 63% K2O, is the principal economically exploitable reserve. In addition, there are four principal insoluble potassium sUicate minerals, glauconite, leucite, nepheline, and orthoclase—sanidine which range in K2O content from 7 to 22%. These minerals are plentihil but for economic reasons may never be exploited for potassium. 

It generally means the total amount of gas in the earth crust in such a form that economic exploitation is currently or potentially feasible. 

The dividing line between a grade which is amenable to economic exploitation and one which is uneconomic would depend on the cut off used and this, in turn, would be a func-... 

The remaining economically exploitable potential is about 5400 TWh/yr. An investment of at least US 1500 billion would be necessary to realize such a program. For a mean level of hydropower plants capacity in the range of 50 to 100 MW, some 20 000 plants would need to be built. In order to implement a plant constrac-tion program of this magnitude, a great deal of work (technical, financial and political) would need to be accomplished by all the investments involved, particularly in Asia, South America and Africa (Demirbas, 2006a). 

Biogas can be obtained from digesting the organic material of municipal solid wastes (MSW). The composition of MSW varies by the somce of waste however, in all cases the major constituents of MSW are organic in nature and the organics accoimts for more than 50% of MSW. The economic exploitation of methane is worthwhile after one year from the start of the landfill operation. 

Defined as the estimated quantum of the reserves to the annual production rate In this context it should be mentioned that reserves only reflects sources that are discovered and deemed economically exploitable. This means that there is no direct correlation between reserves and resources - as new sources are added to the reserves each year - especially natural gas. 

For successful and economical exploitation and utilisation of isolated sources of fossil fuel, located in remote and/or hardly accessible regions, the problem of operationally safe and economically acceptable way of transport becomes usually one of the decisive parameters. The pipeline transport seems to be one of the promising and powerful systems that can serve for long distance transport of fossil fuels, from dozens to thousands kilometres and can compete with the conventional railway and barges transport. 

The platinum-group metals consist of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. Each of the metals occurs naturally in its native form, and in economically exploitable deposits the elements occur overwhelmingly as individual platinum-group mineral (PGM) species. Mutual substitution of the various PGE is common, but substitutions in other minerals, such as base-metal sulfides, typically occur to only a limited extent. A comprehensive review of PGM and PGE geochemistry is given by Cabri (2002). 

Synthetic rutile. In recent years the prices for natural rutile have increased due to the increasing scarcity of economically exploitable deposits. Processes for removing iron from ilmenite ore have been developed, to provide a cheap raw material for the chloride process in which the particle form is retained, as this is particularly favorable for fluidized bed chlorination. 

Potassium salt deposits are the major raw materiEil source for K fertilizers. These undergound deposits were formed by the evaporation of sea water hence, NaCl is always present as a major contaminant. ME esium salts are also present and these are combined with sulfates md/or chlorides. Potassium chloride (sylvite) is the predominant K form in most deposits, but K also occurs as langbeinite (New Mexico) and as kainite (Sicily) to a limited extent. Some of the langbeinite and virtually all of the kainite is converted to K2SO4 (Barber et al., 1971). However, sylvinite ores are the principal reserves that are economically exploitable and these are judged to be our principal source of K for the next several decades (Adams, 1968). 

The oil shale in southwestern Montana occurs in structurally complex folded and faulted mountains. Mining and processing of large quantities of these shales would require difficult subsurface methods. Economical exploitation will depend upon the development of extraction technology that may require the recovery of the multiple resources of hydrocarbons, phosphorous, and the other metals. 

In the case of hydrocarbon oxidation the spread in value between the hydrocarbon raw material and the possible products is generally so large that relatively small yields may be economically exploited. Formaldehyde admixed with acetaldehyde and some methanol and obtained in the removal of oxygen from natural gas before transmission over long distance lines to... 

At the moment, there is a reserve of up to 140,000 million tons of economically exploitable petroleum referred to as proven reserves. About 3,400 million tons of crude oil is processed annually in refineries to high-quality finished products. Petroleum has played a very important role in the economy of many countries. 

The total land area of the world is about 35 billion acres. By far, the largest crop harvested is wood, a lignocellulosic material, growing on 10 billion acres (44), In contrast 1,200 million acres are devoted to cereal production. Associated with the wood agriculture are large quantities of low-quality wood and non-utilized residues, which in the U. S. can amount to much more than 100 million tons per year (46), Where concentrated, these forms of wood offer an attractive inducement for economic exploitation. An increasing amount of these materials is being chipped and sold to pulp companies, yet a considerable amount remains unused. 

RDA Recommended Daily Allowance (US Food and Nutrition Board) receptor site in an organ, a cell or a macromolecule at which active substances (including toxic substances) are bound reserves the quantity of resources which can be economically exploited using the currently available processes reservoir storage container, in environmental chemistry a natural receptacle from which the outflow of material per unit time is small compared with its total capacity resource reserve source of supply, geological the natural content of raw materials in the Earth s crust which are actually or potentially suitable for extraction and production (forecasts also include the marginal resources) - even under changed economic circumstances... 

SO that economical exploitation, which is further disfavored by large reactor volumes, is not promising. 

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