Flotation technology

R. J. Pugh and E. Manev, The Study of Thin Aqueous Films as Models for Froths and Flotation," in Innovations in Flotation Technology, P. Mavros and K. A. Matis, eds., Kluwer, 1992, pp. 1-24. 

Table 6. Organic Auxiliary Reagents Used in Froth Flotation Technology...

Wang, L.K., Innovative UV, Ion Exchange, Membrane and Flotation Technologies for Water and Waste Treatment, 2006 National Engineers Week Seminar, Practicing Institute of Engineers, Albany, NY, February 2006. 

DAF is used to remove suspended solids by decreasing their apparent density they then rise and float on the water surface. DAF is also used to remove soluble iron, VOCs, oils, and surface active agents by oxidation, air stripping, and surface adsorption. The flotation technology is becoming one of the most important technologies for groundwater decontamination, industrial effluent treatment, and water purification.58-6170... 

The aeration requirements of the deep shaft (vertical shaft bioreactor using flotation technology) are provided by two, 100 hp rotary screw compressors rated at a pressure of 7 kg/m2 (100 psig). Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of 4 mg/L are maintained in the head tank, and during the startup phase of the plant a DO meter measured a dissolved oxygen concentration of 25 mg/L at the shaft bottom. 

Krofta, M. and Wang, L.K., Pollution Abatement Using Advanced flotation Technology in the Paper and Pulp Industry, Powder and Bulk Solids Conference, Rosemont, Chicago, IL, May 1985. 

Wang, L.K., Emerging flotation technologies, in Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Technologies, L.K. Wang, Y.T. Hung, and N.K. Shammas, Eds, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, 2007, pp. 449-484. 

Natural flake graphite has been initially upgraded by flotation technologies to reach a carbon level in the order of 95%C. Such precursor has been heat-treated at high temperature to bring the carbon content up to... 

Krofta, M. Wang, L.K. Development of low-cost flotation technology and systems for wastewater treatment. In Proceedings of the 42nd Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, 1988 p. 185. 

Klimpel, R. R. (1999) A review of sulfide mineral collector practice, Advances in Flotation Technology, [Proceedings of the Symposium VAdvances in Flotation Technology " held at the SME Annual Meeting], Denver, Mar. 1-3, 1999, 115-127. 

A consequence of the application of flotation technology to oil sands bitumen production is the co-production of tailings suspensions, consisting of fine silica and clays plus some residual emulsified bitumen. This is discussed in somewhat more general terms in Section 10.4. See also Refs. [638,642]. 

Metals are obtained by the treatment of oxides and sulfide ores found in the earth. However, there is an initial difficulty—the desirable ores are often mixed up with those of little commercial value, and the problem is to obtain the desired ore free from those of lesser worth. For many years now, largely due to the initiative of Australian workers, it has been possible to find organic substances which, when added to a suspension of mixed ores, pick out the desired one, and (when air is bubbled into the system) float it to the surface, from which it can be raked off, i.e., separated and made available for chemical or electrochemical extraction of the metal. It turns out that the basis of this mineral flotation technology involves the Wagner and Traud mixed-potential concept and is thus indirectly related to corrosion theory. 

M. Krofta and L. K. Wang, Flotation technology and secondary clarification. Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Journal (TAPPIJ.), 70, 92-96 (1987). 

H. J. Kiuru, Development of dissolved air flotation technology from the 1st generation to the newest or 3rd one (very thick microbubbles) with high flow-rates (DAF in turbulent flow conditions). Water Sci. Technol. 8, 1-8 (2001). 

M. Krofta and L. K. Wang, Alternative Water Treatment Systems Using Flotation Technology, Report PB82-211400, US Dept, of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA, April, 1982. 

Froth flotation is used to raise the low mineral concentrations in ores to concentrations that can be more economically processed. A concentration of 25-30% is suitable for economical smelting of copper. The froth flotation technique was originally developed in about 1910 to raise the copper concentrations of the strip-mined ores of Bingham Canyon, near Salt Lake City [9], and was further perfected for the differential separation of lead, zinc, and iron sulfides at Trail, B.C., at about the same time [10]. Flotation technologies are now widely used for separations such as the beneficiation of low grade Florida phosphate ores from 30-40% to 60-70% concentrations of calcium phosphate (BPL), and the separation of about 98% potassium chloride from sylvinite, a natural mixture of potassium and sodium chlorides. It is also used for bitumen separation from tar sand, removal of slate from coal, and removal of ink from repulped paper stock preparatory to the manufacture of recycled paper stock. More details of these separations are discussed in the relevant chapters. 

Hydrometallurgy refers to the application of aqueous solutions for metal recovery from ores, and has been practiced for copper recovery for many years. The original impetus for solution methods for copper extraction before the development of froth flotation technology was the existence of large ore bodies of low copper content which were uneconomic to work using... 

Dissolvnd air flotation or induced air flotation are commonly used techniques in the oil refining Industry for the removal of both oils and suspended solids. The coal industry has been invastigeting fonm flotation technology as well. One use would inclode cleaning the wet scrubber air pollution control devices used in oonl-burning power plants.9... 

---