Posttraumatic stress disorder acute

De Beilis, M.D. (1997) Posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. In Ammerman, R.T. and Hersen, M., eds. Handbook of Prevention and Treatment with Children and Adolescents Intervention in the Real World Context, pp. 455-494. 

Koren, D., Arnon, I., and Klein, E. (1999) Acute stress response and posttraumatic stress disorder in traffic accident victims a one-year prospective, follow-up study. Am] Psychiatry 156 367-373. 

Harvey AG, Bryant RA. The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder a 2-year prospective evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999 67 985-988. 

Classen C, Koopman C, Hales R, et al. Acute stress disorder as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1998 155 620-624. 

Social phobia Posttraumatic stress disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Adjustment disorder with anxious features Acute stress disorder... 

Psychoiogicai triage identifies those at greatest risk for psychiatric compiications. Crisis intervention and sociai support are key eiements of psychoiogicai first aid. Acute stress disorder (ASD) in the immediate aftermath increases risk for iafer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

Matthews and Mossefin (2006) have summarized the evidence supporting psychotherapy models in PTSD using the American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Tf eatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as follows ... 

D. Outcomes Summary Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder...634... 

During WWII, extensive testing of HD was undertaken (by the U.S. Army) for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of decontamination and protective equipment. Volunteers in such tests were found to have increased posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD 17% prevalence and 33% subdiagnostic PTSD prevalence) when evaluated 50 years later (Schnurr et al., 1996). The number of exposures to the gas was predictive of lifetime PTSD. No acute exposures to HD or immediate problems were reported. McDonough and Romano, in Chapter 4 of this book, discuss reports of the human volunteer experiments done in the United Kingdom over a 50 year period. They reported that there was no evidence that exposure of volunteers to low doses of nerve agents resulted in any adverse medical sequelae, to include psychiatric symptoms. 

Yehuda, R., A.C. McFarlane and A.Y. Shalev. 1998a. Predicting the development of posttraumatic stress disorder from the acute response to a traumatic event. Biol Psychiatry 44(12) 1305-13. 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision classifies anxiety disorders into several categories GAD, panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), agoraphobia, SAD, specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and acute stress disorder. The characteristic features of these illnesses are anxiety and avoidance behavior. 

Work Group on ASD and PTSD. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2004 161(11 [suppl]) l-61. 

Survivors of the massive methyl isocyanate leak in Bhopal, India, where more than 2,000 died in 1984, experienced no increased risk for psychosis (Sethi et al. 1987). Cases of depression and anxiety resulted mostly from posttraumatic stress disorder or acute stress disorder. In the 200,000 exposed and 10,700 hospitalized, symptoms included weakness, apathy, hypersomnolence, tremor, tetany, and coma (Misra et al. 1987). 

Disaster victims may show symptoms of acute stress disorder as defined by DSM-IV-TR. Some individuals develop acute responses when they learn of past chronic exposure. Others may attribute stress symptoms to physiological effects of the chemical agent (Weisaeth 1994). Symptoms also can result from ordinary stressful events following a major disaster (Soloman and Canino 1990). The acute phase of stress may lead to posttraumatic stress disorder or other mood disorder symptoms. Outcome varies with the degree of disaster training, the severity of the threat, and the amount of control experienced by the individual (Weisaeth 1994). Predictors of poorer outcomes include lack of community involvement and poor social supports and communication (Weisaeth 1994). Self-blaming for the trauma predicts better outcome by maintaining the illusion of control (Solomon and Smith 1994). 

Chronic Posttraumatic stress disorder similar but persistent symptoms as those described for acute stress disorder... 

Treatment of acute symptoms remains supportive, whereas longterm developments require more specific interventions. Psychiatric treatment of acute exposures requires initial management of acute stress reactions, often in a mass casualty environment, followed by individual treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder or other mood disorders in certain survivors. As seen in nuclear disasters, the lack... 

Currently, there is a general consensus among physicians (psychiatrists and cardiologists) and psychologists that (i) persons experiencing chronic stress as in Type A Personality, or those who have a 50 or greater Cook Medley Hostility (HO) scale [43] and (ii) individuals afflicted with acute stress syndrome [3-5] such as hi anxiety or severe depression, which are often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be good candidates for various serious diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer. 

It is proposed, that the CVN be correlated with the test results derived from various stress assessment measurements, such as the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) scale [1], Crown-Crisp Index for phobic anxiety [3], and Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Anger Content Scale [4]. Through such correlations, we may be able to determine the magnitude of stress in subjects experiencing chronic stressful conditions, as in Type A behavior pattern, hostility, anger or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and individuals afflicted with acute... 

Jones C, Griffiths RD, Humpris C, et al. Memwy delusions and the development of acute posttraumatic stress disorder-related symptoms after intensive care. Crit Care Med 2001 29 573-580. 

Corbo, V, Clement, M.H., Armony, J.L., et al., 2005. Size versus shape differences contrasting voxel-based and volumetric analyses of the anterior cingulate cortex in individuals with acute posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 58,119-124. 

Mental retardation and microcephaly Acute stress symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms Personality disorders A-bomb neurosis or radiation response syndrome excessive anxiety over symptoms of exposure, fear of cancer, subclinical stress symptoms... 

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