Stress disorder, acute

Panic disorder Agoraphobia with panic disorder Agoraphobia without panic disorder Specific phobia Social phobia Generalised anxiety disorder Mild anxiety and depression disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Acute stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Adjustment disorder Panic disorder without agoraphobia Panic disorder with agoraphobia Agoraphobia Specific phobia Social phobia (also called social anxiety disorder) Generalised anxiety disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Acute stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)... 

There has been some suggestion that the DSM may be influenced by the development of other classification systems, most notably by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10 World Health Organization, 1992) which is a widely used international diagnostic system. There are certainly examples in the DSM-III-R and DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1987, 1994) that clearly indicate that the DSM was changed simply to make it more compatible with an ICD diagnosis. For example, the DSM-IV added a new diagnosis termed Acute Stress Disorder for compatibility with the ICD-10 (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p. 783). 

The stress disorders, PTSD and acute stress disorder (ASD), occur in the after-math of exposure to traumatic events such as combat, violent crimes, natural... 

Dissociative Disorders. Many of the reexperiencing symptoms of PTSD are, in fact, dissociative phenomena. The numbing symptoms of PTSD also resemble the depersonalization and derealization experienced by those with dissociative disorders. Furthermore, dissociative symptoms are the principal manifestation of acute stress disorder, the predecessor to PTSD that arises in the first month after a trauma. The diagnosis of a dissociative disorder is warranted when dissociative symptoms exceeding the PTSD criteria, (e.g., amnesia or profound identity disturbance) are present. 

Symptoms must cause significant distress or impairment and endure for more than 1 month. Symptom duration of less than 1 month is referred to as acute stress disorder (ASD). It should be noted that PTSD symptoms may vary over time. Partial symptomatology is quite common, can be debilitating, and may be the target for intensive treatment even in the absence of full syndrome criteria (Pfefferbaum, 1997). 

ASD, acute stress disorder bid, twice daily hs, at bedtime po, by month PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder tid, 3 times a day TTS, transdermal therapeutic system. 

De Beilis, M.D. (1997) Posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder. In Ammerman, R.T. and Hersen, M., eds. Handbook of Prevention and Treatment with Children and Adolescents Intervention in the Real World Context, pp. 455-494. 

Robert, R., Blakeney, P.E., Villarreal, C., Rosenberg, L., and Meyer, W.J. (1999) Imipramine treatment in pediatric burn patients with symptoms of acute stress disorder a pilot study./ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 873-882. 

Harvey AG, Bryant RA. Dissociative symptoms in acute stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 1999 12 673-680. 

Marshall RD, Spitzer R, Liebowitz MR. Review and critique of the new DSM-IV diagnosis of acute stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999 156 1677-1685. 

Bryant RA, Sackville T, Dang ST, et al. Treating acute stress disorder an evaluation of cognitive behavior therapy and supportive counseling techniques. Am J Psychiatry 1999 156 1780-1786. 

Harvey AG, Bryant RA. The relationship between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder a 2-year prospective evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999 67 985-988. 

Classen C, Koopman C, Hales R, et al. Acute stress disorder as a predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1998 155 620-624. 

Bryant RA, Harvey AG. Acute stress disorder a critical review of diagnostic issues. Clin Psychol Rom 1997 17 757-773. 

Anxiety, depression, insomnia, different types of phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic attacks, acute stress disorder. It is also related to chronic diseases, such as anemia, and diseases of the heart and lung. 

Social phobia Posttraumatic stress disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Adjustment disorder with anxious features Acute stress disorder... 

Psychoiogicai triage identifies those at greatest risk for psychiatric compiications. Crisis intervention and sociai support are key eiements of psychoiogicai first aid. Acute stress disorder (ASD) in the immediate aftermath increases risk for iafer posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 

Matthews and Mossefin (2006) have summarized the evidence supporting psychotherapy models in PTSD using the American Psychiatric Association Practice Guideline for the Tf eatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as follows ... 

American Psychiatric Association. (2004). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic disorder. Retrieved March 17, 2007 from www.psych.org/psych.pract/treatg/pg/PTSD-PG-PartsA-B-C-New.pdf... 

Bryant, R. A., Harvey, A. G., Dang, S. T, Sackville, T., Basten, C. (1998). Treatment of acute stress disorder A comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(5), 862-866. 

Acute stress disorder is anxiety in response to a recent extreme stress. Although in some respects it is a normal and understandable reaction to an event, the problems associated with it are not only the severe distress the anxiety causes but also the risk that it may evolve into a more persistent state. 

Although DSM-IV includes twelve types of anxiety disorders, the list of disorders in this chapter is somewhat more brief. Patients suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a related disorder, acute stress disorder often do present with a host of anxiety symptoms however, anxiety is but one aspect of PTSD. This syndrome also often includes symptoms of depression, transient psychosis, and dissociation. Thus, we have chosen not to address it here, but in a separate chapter (see chapter 10). Additionally, although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered to be an anxiety disorder, its pathophysiology and treatment varies enough from the anxiety disorders to warrant a separate chapter (see chapter 8). 

The DSM-IV introduced a new diagnosis. Acute stress disorder (ASD) (7). In recognizing this new disorder, the American Psychiatric Association was attempting to identify trauma victims at risk for developing PTSD (8). Unfortunately, experience with trauma victims has not confirmed the usefulness of ASD in predicting PTSD. Although approximately 3/4 of patients developing ASD within 1 month of a traumatic event go on to develop PTSD, most patients with PTSD have not previously met the criteria for ASD (8). 

D. Outcomes Summary Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder...634... 

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