Nuclear disaster

Werley, H. H. (1956). The nurse s role in nuclear disaster. American Journal of Nursing, 56(12), 1580-1582. 

Risk is the probability of harm or loss and can be considered to be a product of the probability and the severity of specific consequences. Risk, as it relates to hazardous wastes and groundwater contamination, may be defined as the chance that humans or other organisms will sustain adverse effects from exposure to these environmental hazards. Risk is inherent in the life of all organisms—humans, animals, and plants. Tornadoes, landslides, hurricanes, earthquakes, and other natural disasters carry a risk of injury or death to any living thing in their path. Similarly, human-caused risks such as automobile accidents, plane crashes, and nuclear disasters occur with varying levels of severity. 

Medvedev Z. A. (1979) Nuclear Disaster in Urals. Norton, New York. 

The three remaining alkali metals Rb, Cs, and Fr have no biological relevance, although, as we will see in Chapter 23, the radioactive isotope of Cs, Cs, was a major pollutant after the 1986 nuclear disaster at... 

Nuclear disasters are also excluded from ordinary insurance policies such as earthquakes and other natural disasters. The Houston Chronicle called Yucca Mountain probably the most studied area in history. Claims by the federal government that the environmental effects of the repository will be small and have essentially no adverse impact on public health and safety have been challenged. It remains to be seen if there is the political will to go ahead with the site. 

Treatment of acute symptoms remains supportive, whereas longterm developments require more specific interventions. Psychiatric treatment of acute exposures requires initial management of acute stress reactions, often in a mass casualty environment, followed by individual treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder or other mood disorders in certain survivors. As seen in nuclear disasters, the lack... 

Havenaar JM, van den Brink W, van den Bout J, et al Mental health problems in the Gomel region (Belarus) an analysis of risk factors in an area affected by the Chernobyl disaster. Psychol Med 26 845-855,1996 Kolominsky Y, Igumnov S, Drozdovitch V The psychological development of children from Belarus exposed in the prenatal period to radiation from the Chernobyl atomic power plant. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40 299-305, 1999 Koscheyev VS, Martens VK, Kosenkov AA, et al Psychological status of Chernobyl nuclear power plant operators after the nuclear disaster. J Trauma Stress 6 561-568, 1993... 

E.B. Burlakova and V.I. Naidich, The Effects of Low Dose Radiation New Aspects of Radiobiological Research Prompted by the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster, VSP International Science Publishers, 2005. 

What are some of the worst nuclear disasters in history ... 

A few of the worst nuclear disasters in history are those which took place at Three Mile Island in the USA in 1979, at Chernobyl in the Ukraine in 1986, and more recently following an earthquake in Fukushima, Japan, in 2011. Nuclear disasters are very dangerous if they do occur, and the possibility of a nuclear disaster represents a primary reason that some people oppose the construction of new nuclear power plants. 

An indicator should be comparable to international settings so that international comparison can be made. A change in one region often affects other parts of the world. For example, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster changed the air quality all over northern Europe and was even detected on the far edge of Europe at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station in County Galway, Ireland — over 3500 Km (2200 miles) away ... 

Radioactive iodine gained notoriety through the nuclear disaster at the Chernobyl power plant in 1986, which resulted in an increase of thyroid carcinomas among small children by a factor of around 10-30. It is now presumed that many of these cancer cases might have been prevented by prophylactic administration of iodide. The longer term consequences of the nuclear fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi accident in 2011, where also a number of different radionuclides were released, are still being evaluated. 

Sustainability is vital for survival. The basis for life must be preserved for future generations. The energy transition, which Germany decided following the nuclear disaster in Fukushima, is central to the current sustainability policy. 

Hampton, W. (2001) Meltdown, A Race Against Nuclear Disaster at Three Mile Island, A Reporter s Story. Cambridge, MA Candlewick Press. 

NEWS SCANNING Tire toll of Japan s nuclear disaster REGS UPDATE Tire politics of OSHA s noise policy AD INDEX INDUSTRY BRIEFS CALENDAR EVENTS... 

Globalization provides companies with opportunities to enter new markets, find better suppliers and take advantage of cheaper labor available in other countries. Inherent in global supply chains is the risk due to disruptions. This was clearly demonstrated by the earthquake, tsunami and the nuclear disaster in Japan in March 2011. Since Japan was a key supplier of electronic components, that go into the production of automobiles, computers, aircrafts and cell phones, companies such as Toyota, Honda, Boeing, GM, Sony, and Apple had to slow down or shut down their factories due to shortage of parts. 

Japan imported its first commercial nuclear power reactor from the UK. Tokai-1, a 160 MWe gas-cooled (Magnox) reactor built by GEC. It began operating in July 1966 and continued until March 1998. Prior to the earthquake and tsunami of March 2011, and the nuclear disasters that resulted from it, Japan generated 30% of the country s electricity from its 50 nuclear reactors. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami caused the failure of cooling systems at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant on March 11 and resulted in the closure of many of Japan s nuclear plants for safety inspections. The last of Japan s 50 reactors (Tomari-3) went offline for maintenance on May 5,2012, leaving Japan completely without nuclear-produced electrical power for the first time since 1970. 

The Chernobyl accident in Ukraine of 1986 and the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan of 2011 has caused massive public fear. Nevertheless, developing countries like India and China are growing rapidly, and with it their nuclear energy use too. In contrast, countries like Germany are abandoning nuclear power. 

Fukashima Daiichi, Japan (2011)—earthquake-induced tsunami created accident and caused nuclear meltdown and radioactive release, worst nuclear disaster since Chernobyl, no deaths from radiation but over 100,000 people permanently evacuated... 

The purpose of the matrix is to help you prioritize hazards for corrective aetion. The categorization of hazards is based on severity and likelihood. Some hazards may be very likely to occur but of very minor consequences. One example is the minute release of nitrogen gas from a flapper valve into a well-ventilated, open area. Even if release is frequent, the severity of the hazard is low because the quantities are so low. However, an explosion at a commercial nuclear power plant may be remote (but obviously not impossible, as demonstrated by Chernobyl, or the remote possibility of an earthquake creating a tsunami wave hits a nuclear power plant and causes a meltdown as demonstrated by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster), but the consequences are great. These two hazards must be treated differently. Engineers too often treat all hazards equally, either overreacting or underreacting to the risk. 

Another nuclear disaster rated equal to Chernobyl happened at the Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan on the 11th of March 2011. Nuclear reactors were damaged by strong earthquakes and tsunami. Crisis level at the Fukushima nuclear plant was raised to level 7 after 1 month of the disaster. Level 7 is classified by IAEA as the worst level on an international scale. 

The corpus of films concerning the nuclear industry corpus consists of two sets. The first includes works of fiction where the part of the action takes place in a power station The China Syndrome, Grand Central). The installation forms part of the scenery work situations are recreated and the balance of power between the operator and workers is explored. The second set includes films that address the issue of nuclear power but do not take place inside a plant, which may be confined to the background Mount Fuji in Red, Land of Oblivion, The Land of Hope). The operational and organizational dimension is neglected in favour of a description of the consequences of a nuclear disaster on man and the environment. 

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