Population trends

Fleming WJ, Pulhn BP, Swineford DM. 1985. Population trends and environmental contaminants in herons in the Tennessee Valley USA 1980-1981. Colon Waterbirds 7 63-73. 

Keller, L.F. and Waller, D.M. (2002) Inbreeding effects in wild populations. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17, 230-241. 

David J. R. and Capy P. (1988) Genetic variation of Drosophila melanogaster natural populations. Trends Genet. 4, 106-111. 

This failure to properly reflect the intuitive MO-population trends by the IT bond indices calls for a thorough revision of the hitherto used overall communication channel in AO resolution, which combines the contributions from all occupied MOs in the electron configuration in question. Instead, one could envisage a use of the separate MO channels introduced in Section 2 (Eq. [7b]). As an illustration, let us assume for simplicity the two-AO model of the chemical bond A-B originating from the quantum-mechanical interaction between two AOs x = ( e A, b e B). The bond contributions between this pair of AO in the information system of sth MO,... 

Benz emphasizes that where the Soviet evacuations, the Jewish population trends in Poland, and the Polish flight migrations are concerned, there are no definite figures, and one must rely on estimates alone. He arrives at his utterly incorrect estimates in the space of a very few sentences, without any sort of logical line of reasoning. Even though he admits that these issues are in dire need of further research, he avoids any such endeavor. 

DaVanzo, Julie, and Clifford Grammich, Dire Demographics Population Trends in the Russian Federation, Santa Monica, Calif RAND Corporation, MR-1273-WFHF/DLPF/RF, 2001. 

Nr creation rates (Galloway et al., 2003b) are related to global population trends from 1860 to 2000 in Figure 2. For 1920,1930, and 1940, global anthropogenic fertilizer production (Smil, 2001) was made equivalent to total Nr production by the Haber-Bosch process. For 1950 onwards Nr creation rates by Haber-Bosch were obtained from USGS minerals (Kramer, 1999). The rate in 1900 is estimated to be —15 TgN yr (V. Smil,... 

When attention is confined to industrial chemicals, consumer-product research may be excluded. Thus, data relating to consumer surveys, population trends and shifts, gross national product, and psychological factors need be considered only in a few isolated cases. Specialists have developed the necessary techniques and have available an exhaustive statistical literature. Thus, industrial chemicals are rarely consumer goods antifreeze is an exception. Markets usually depend upon other industries which are often far removed from the ultimate consumer. In addition, special and peculiar problems are presented. The scattered, cryptic, and sketchy information, to be made useful, necessitates a lively ingenuity based upon a technical background. 

J. Bongaarts. Science, 1998 282 419. [declining fertility and future population trends in the world]. 

Siniscalco, M., Robledo, R., Orru, S., et al. (2000) A plea to search for deletion polymorphism through genome scans in populations. Trends Genet. 16,435-437. 

With regard to the monitoring of plankton, the samples are to be representative of the water column and to provide information on the presence of toxic species as well as on population trends. If any changes in toxic populations that may lead to toxin accumulation are detected, the sampling frequency of mollusks is to be increased or precautionary closures of the areas are to be established until results of toxin analysis are obtained [71]. 

Elkinton JS, Carde RT (1981) The use of pheromone traps to monitor distribution and population trends of the gypsy moth. In Mitchell ER (ed) Management of insect pests with semiochem-icals. Plenum, New York, pp 41-55... 

King, KA, Krynitsky, AJ. 1986. Population trends, reproductive success and organochlorine chemical contaminants in waterbirds nesting in Galveston Bay, Texas. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 15 367- 376. 

Correspondence between the vertical distribution of total organic carbon (TOC) at station 3C (approximately 6-8 km downcurrent from the outfall system) and the mass emissions of suspended solids from the outfall system during the period 1946-1981 is illustrated in Fig. 6. Following World War 11 and up until 1971, the monotonic increase in emissions of suspended solids from the LACSD paralleled the population trend in Los Angeles. Thereafter, solids emissions declined in response to improved source control and advances in waste treatment (Stull et al, 1996). The vertical concentration profile of TOC in the 3C (1981) core records the historical trend in effluent solids emissions and indicates that, for this period, the outfalls dominated sedimentation of organic carbon on the shelf. The dechne in emissions of suspended solids from the outfalls after 1971 became a matter of concern because of the potential for remobilization of heavily contaminated sediments that had been laid down in earlier years. 

Yeh RW, Sidney S, Chandra M, Sorel M, Selby JV, and Go AS. Population trends in the Incidence and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010 362 2155-2165. doi 10.1056/NEJMoa0908610. 

Coyne JA, Boussy lA, Prout T, Bryant JH, Jones JS, Moore JA (1982) Longdistance migration of Drosophila. American Naturalist 119 589-595 David JR, Capy P (1988) Genetic variation of Drosophila melanogasier natural populations. Trends in Genetics 4 106-111. 

Rowland, R. H. (1999). Urban population trends in Kazakhstan during the 1990s. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics, 40(1), 519-552. 

Shrinking industrial cities are those cities which were historically heavily dependent on manufacturing or other primary industries, and which have lost a significant share of their population and employment base since their peak, a point most often reached in 1950 or earlier. A sample of 21 such cities that were among the nation s 100 largest cities in 1950, and their population trends since then, is shown in Table 103.1. Seven of those cities have lost more than half of their peak population, while the other 14 have lost between one-quarter and one-half. ... 

Fig. 111.3 Population trends in Nagomo Karabakh. (Source Yamskov, 1991)...

Nationtil Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. (2004). Population trends along the coastal United States 1980-2008. Washington NOAA. Retrieved November 29, 2008, from http //www.oceanservice.noaa.gov/programs/mb/pdfs/coastal pop trends complete.pdf... 

Sometimes chemical problems can be answered using the knowledge from other sciences that are not related to chemistry at first sight. For example, some information about a complex reactions flow can be gained from the mathematical models of the interspecific competition. A classical example is the predator-prey model, which describes the population trends for predators and prey in living conditions... 

The main point of the model is the following. Let s consider some closed ecological system that includes two populations predators and herbivorous prey . The population sizes are K and B correspondingly. The prey population is reproduced by means of nutrition. The prey consume grass only. The amount of grass is characterized by the T values. Predators eat solely the prey. Their population trend is determined by the amount of herbivores. There are no natural enemies for the predators. Instead, the latter experience the natural loss (diseases, age-specific death). Thereby, the conditions can be expressed with the following scheme ... 

If the constants for each step and initial population sizes are given, then the numerical solution will allow one to predict prey and predator population trends (Fig. 3.13). 

As Fig. 3.13 shows, the population trends for both populations exhibit a continuous wave pattern. For the given initial conditions these oscillations have a constant period and ampUtude. There is an interdependence between the two population sizes increase of one of them impedes the growth of other. In the case of some chemical process described by the Lotka—Volterra model, the concentratimis of the intermediates K and B would be oscillating. 

Fig. 3.13 Population trends for predators (dashed line) and prey (solid line) in the Lotka-Volterra model (on-line calculation http /AwUnpei.ac.ru/MCS/Worlaheets/Chem/ChemKin-3-12.xmcd)...

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