Polyvinyl chloride elastomer

Quite naturally, novel techniques for manufacturing composite materials are in principal rare. The polymerization filling worked out at the Chemical Physics Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences is an example of such techniques [49-51], The essence of the technique lies in that monomer polymerization takes place directly on the filler surface, i.e. a composite material is formed in the polymer forming stage which excludes the necessity of mixing constituents of a composite material. Practically, any material may be used as a filler the use of conducting fillers makes it possible to obtain a composite material having electrical conductance. The material thus obtained in the form of a powder can be processed by traditional methods, with polymers of many types (polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, elastomers, etc.) used as a matrix. 

Currently, important TPE s include blends of semicrystalline thermoplastic polyolefins such as propylene copolymers, with ethylene-propylene terepolymer elastomer. Block copolymers of styrene with other monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, and ethylene or ethylene/propy-lene are the most widely used TPE s. Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) accounted for 70% of global styrene block copolymers (SBC). Currently, global capacity of SBC is approximately 1.1 million tons. Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers are relatively more expensive then other TPE s. However, they are noted for their flexibility, strength, toughness, and abrasion and chemical resistance. Blends of polyvinyl chloride with elastomers such as butyl are widely used in Japan. ... 

Degradation of elastomers used in transfer lines and hoses by aromatic fuel components is undesirable. For this reason, elastomers used in fuel storage and distribution systems are often made of hydrocarbon-resistant elastomers such as Viton , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Teflon . 

Polyolefins and polyvinyl chloride, some elastomers Elastomers... 

Paramount among the outlets for petroleum raw materials outside the field of fuels and lubricants are the elastomers and plastics. It is expected that synthetic rubber production in 1951 will exceed 800,000 long tons (1.8 billion pounds) while, during the same period, nearly two billion pounds of plastics also will be produced. It has been demonstrated to the American consumer that synthetic rubber is equal or superior to the natural product for many applications, and plastic products such as nylon fabrics, polyvinyl chloride upholstery, and polystyrene toys and gadgets are now considered a part of our way of life. 

There is every indication that the next several years will witness a continued rapid increase in the use of petroleum raw materials in the production of elastomers and plastics, and that the petroleum companies will become increasingly active, not only in providing the starting materials, but also in operating the chemical processes of converting them to the required monomers and polymers. The current increase in production of thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and acrylonitrile polymers is based on the development of widespread new applications at the consumer level, and the outlet for plastic materials in many of these uses is presently limited by the capacity to produce and process the resins rather than by consumer demand. 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

PC PE PES PET PF PFA PI PMMA PP PPO PS PSO PTFE PTMT PU PVA PVAC PVC PVDC PVDF PVF TFE SAN SI TP TPX UF UHMWPE UPVC Polycarbonate Polyethylene Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde Polyfluoro alkoxy Polyimide Polymethyl methacrylate Polypropylene Polyphenylene oxide Polystyrene Polysulfone Polytetrafluoroethylene Polytetramethylene terephthalate (thermoplastic polyester) Polyurethane Polyvinyl alcohol Polyvinyl acetate Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl idene chloride Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyvinyl fluoride Polytelrafluoroethylene Styrene-acrylonitrile Silicone Thermoplastic Elastomers Polymethylpentene Urea formaldehyde Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride... 

Rubber as the Disperse Phase. In polyblend systems, a rubber is masticated mechanically with a polymer or dissolved in a polymer solution. At the conclusion of blending, a rubber is dispersed in a resin as particles of spherical or irregular shape. We can further subdivide this system into three classes according to the major intermolecular forces governing adhesion (a) by dispersion forces—e.g., the polyblend of two incompatible polymers, (b) by dipole interaction—e.g., the polyblend of polyvinyl chloride and an acrylonitrile rubber (56), and (c) by covalent bond—e.g., an epoxy resin reinforced with an acid-containing elastomer reported by McGarry (43). 

Very Low Density (VLDPE) and Ultra Low Density (ULDPE) Polyethylenes. These are made by copolymerization with increasing amounts of comonomers, especially 1 -octene, reducing regularity/crystallinity (density 0.91- 0.86) down toward ethylene/propylene rubber. These are soft and flexible enough to compete with plasticized polyvinyl chloride and thermoplastic elastomers in some applications. 

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride can be regarded as the first thermoplastic elastomer, as it is used in an uncross-linked form. Because of the lack of cross-linking, this material exhibits high rates of creep and stress relaxation. As with other thermoplastic elastomers, these disadvantages worsen as the temperature is... 

Paraplex [Hall]. TM for polymeric plasticizers for polymers and resinous coatings. Primarily polyesters, but some are epoxidized oils that impart heat and light stability as well as plasticization. Supplied as viscous liquids in a range of molecular weights all at 100% solids. Compatible with polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl butyral, cellulosics, and other high polymers and elastomers. 

A wide range of polymers which form thin, flexible films are used. They can be split into two categories, polymeric elastomers and rubbers. The polymers include polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, silicone elastomers, polyacrylates, and chlorinated and chlorosulphonated polyethylenes. 

During the 1970s Jersey Standard s chemical product portfolio had been reduced to resemble that in 1960. Its primary chemical business remained the production of ethylene, basic polymers (including LDPE, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) using the Unipol process, licensed from Union Carbide, PP, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticizers (particularly for vinyl production), elastomers, and synthetic rubbers. Profits returned. The 1974 balance sheet listed earnings of 456 million on revenue of 3.3 billion, making Exxon Chemical one of the five most profitable chemical companies worldwide. 

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