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Aromatics in fuels

Decomposition and aromatization of ethanol on Fe-ZSM-5 [68] or M02C/ZSM type catalysts [69, 70]. This reaction, however, produces mainly aromatics there are continuous more stringent regulations on the use of aromatics in fuels due to their carcinogenicity (benzene) and toxicity. [Pg.202]

Heterocyclic aromatics in fuel such as pyridine, indole and condensed thiophene compounds are known to darken fuel color. They have also been shown to lead to an increase in the deposit forming tendencies of fuel. Aromatic peroxides can also react to form higher-molecular-weight, sludgelike material in fuel. [Pg.123]

High-boiling-point aromatics in fuel can bum with more smoke (naphtha-lene compounds can form dense smoke during combustion)... [Pg.265]

Because of the very high volumes of fuels compared to chemicals, the excess aromatics caused by the reduction of aromatics in fuels (from 43 vol.-% to 34 vol.-%) cannot fully be used by the chemical industry. The entire market for solvents or aromatics based monomers for the polymer industry is too small. Moreover, the aromatics are high RON (research octane number) components. Therefore, a considerable amount of the aromatics needs to be converted to components with highest possible RON. [Pg.153]

Hydroisomerization is one of the few major refinery processes that allow refineries to cope with the future fuel regulations on the one side and the necessity to supply premium fuel with the necessary octane on the other side. Due to the limited volume the chemical industry can cope with in addition to the present level, future reduction of the aromatics in fuels will force the refineries to convert as much of the aromatics as possible to fuel components. One possible option is to feed the one-ring aromatics such as benzene to an isomerization unit. A state of the art hydroisomerization catalyst such as HYSOPAR is very active for benzene hydrogenation at temperatures as low as 100°C, where 100% hydrogenation is achieved, and can cope with up to 15 wt.-% of benzene in the feed. When sulfur in the range of 50 ppm is present in the feed, a partial inhibition of... [Pg.165]

It has been ascertained that the quantity of aromatics in fuels is an important factor affecting PAH emission. Many results however, indicate the inadequacy of total fuel aromaticity as a general predictor of PAH emission, especially for gasoline. In fact it has been shown that the kind of aromatics exert a great influence, and particularly that PAH emission increase with the increase of the molecular complexity of aromatics in fuels. Aromatics with 9, 10 or more carbon atoms increase PAH emission much more... [Pg.30]

Very few data have been found in the literature concerning the influence of the kind of aromatics in fuels on PAH emission. [Pg.42]

Analysis of Aromatics in Diesel Motor Fuels by Liquid Chromatography... [Pg.81]

The elimination of lead, the reduction of aromatics in gasoline, and the desulfurization of diesel fuels are oing to require significant reformulations of these products that will irripiy development of specific additives that allow the refiner to optimize costs while meeting the required specifications. [Pg.354]

The conversion takes place at high temperature (820-850°C) and very short residence time (hundredth of seconds) in the presence of steam. The by-products are hydrogen, methane and a highly aromatic residual fuel-oil. [Pg.382]

Compatibility and Corrosion. Gas turbine fuels must be compatible with the elastomeric materials and metals used in fuel systems. Elastomers are used for O-rings, seals, and hoses as well as pump parts and tank coatings. Polymers tend to swell and to improve their sealing abiUty when in contact with aromatics, but degree of swell is a function of both elastomer-type and aromatic molecular weight. Rubbers can also be attacked by peroxides that form in fuels that are not properly inhibited (see Elastomers, synthetic Rubber, natural). [Pg.416]

The feedstocks to the styrene process are ethylbenzene and superheated steam, and a typical unit produces hydrogen, small amounts of light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide as gaseous products, and a Hquid product stream containing 95% + styrene and minor amounts of toluene, benzene, and other aromatics. In an integrated plant, the benzene can be recycled to the ethylbenzene unit, while the other by-products usually are consumed as fuel for the highly endothermic process. [Pg.198]

G. Gastello, Gas-chromatographic determination of alkyllead compounds in aromatic-based fuels , Chim. Ind. 51 700-704 (1969). [Pg.331]

European countries, including the UK, and covers about 5% of the total European diesel market. It contains less than 5 vol%. of mono-ring aromatics and less than 0.1 vol%. of di- and higher-ring aromatics. Eurthermore it is low in sulfur. Both EC and SEC methods have been developed for the rapid analysis of aromatics in diesel fuel. [Pg.394]

Figure 14.16 Typical cliromatograms of LC (a) and SFC (b) analysis of aromatics in diesel fuel. Peak identification is as follows 1, total saturates 2, total aromatics 3, mono-aromatics 4, higher-ring aromatics. Figure 14.16 Typical cliromatograms of LC (a) and SFC (b) analysis of aromatics in diesel fuel. Peak identification is as follows 1, total saturates 2, total aromatics 3, mono-aromatics 4, higher-ring aromatics.
Crude oil processing is mainly aimed towards the production of fuels, so only a small fraction of the products is used for the synthesis of olefins and aromatics. In Chapter 3, the different crude oil processes are reviewed with special emphasis on those conversion techniques employed for the dual purpose of obtaining fuels as well as olefmic and aromatic base stocks. Included also in this chapter, are the steam cracking processes geared specially for producing olefins and diolefms. [Pg.403]

Oxygenates reduce CO emissions by enleaning the fuel-to-air mixture. Enleanment of the fuel with oxygenates has the most impact on CO emissions. However, oxygenates, particularly ethers, are often used as a substitute and can replace aromatics in achieving octane specifications. Reducing aromatics further reduces CO and HC emissions. [Pg.310]

The potential of MIL-47 and MIL-53(A1) for adsorption of other types of aromatic adsorbates has also been explored, for instance, of dichlorobenzene, cresol, or alkylnaphthalene isomers [17, 98]. The removal of sulfur-containing aromatics from fuels via physisorption on MOFs has been investigated on several instances in literature, for instance, via the selective removal of thiophene from a stream of methane gas by MIL-47 [99], the removal of tetrahydrothiophene from methane by... [Pg.87]

The high-surface-area TUD-1 can serve as an anchor for many catalysts. Si- or Al-Si-TUD-1 (24,25) can be used as a support for various noble metals (Pt, PtPd, Ir, etc.). This will provide catalysts suitable for the hydrogenation of olefins and aromatics. In the refining industry, one use is the hydrogenation of polynuclear aromatics ( PNAs ) in diesel fuel, which can lower the fuel s toxic properties. Also, jet fuel has an aromatics constraint, designed to lessen smoke formation. Cracked stocks (e.g., coker or visbreaker liquids) generally have undesirable olefins (especially a-olefins) that also need to be saturated prior to final processing. [Pg.373]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.319 ]




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Analysis of Aromatics in Diesel Motor Fuels by Liquid Chromatography

Fuel aromaticity

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