Polyvinyl butyral-phenolics adhesives

Structural adhesives Polyvinyl formal-phenol formaldehyde Polyvinyl butyral-phenol formaldehyde Nitrile-phenolic Epoxy-polyamine Epoxy-anhydride Epoxy-nylon Epoxy-phenolic Epoxy-polyamide Epoxy-polyurethane... 

Phenolic Adhesives recommended are neoprene and urethane elastomer, epoxy and modified epoxy, phenolic-polyvinyl butyral, nitrile-phenolic, polyester, cyanoacrylates, polyurethanes, resorcinols, modified acrylics, polyvinyl acetate, and urea-formaldehyde (1). 

Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives used are epoxies, nitrile-phenolics, phenol-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde, furan, polyesters, butadiene-nitrile rubber, neoprene, cyanoacrylate, and phenolic-polyvinyl butyral (1). 

Chem. Descrip. Phenolic resin (68%) in butanol Uses Phenolic for phenolic/polyvinyl butyral combinations for internal/ external coating of pkg. containers binder for high-adhesion chemically resist, protective coatings for apparatus, vessels, pipelines binder for clear/pigmented oil/fuel/oil-resist. coatings on rigid substrates Properties Dilutable with MEK, MIBK, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, methoxypropanol, ethanol, butanol dens. = 1.16 g/cm (20 C) dynamic vise. 2300-3700 mPa s flash pt. = 48 C 66-70% NV... 

In the waterborne phenolic adhesives, a new dispersion system (98) has been reported. This system uses the solubility of some thermoplastics in phenol, and the subsequent polymerization takes place upon the addition of formaldehyde, an emulsifier, and water. The dispersion is then formed in situ. The versatility of this process is indicated by the use of many polymers with a wide range of properties, e.g., polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer, bisphenol-A resins, polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and nylons. 

Phenolic based adhesives are outstanding in their wetting characteristics and strength. In the unmodified form, however, they tend to be brittle. To overcome this problem, phenolic based adhesives usually contain a rubber modifier to increase the crack resistance of the adhesive. The first modified phenolic contained polyvinyl butyral and was known as the "Redux" adhesive. Many modern phenolic adhesives contain nitrile rubbers (copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene) as the modifiers. An example of a phenolic based film adhesive is AF-30 which is listed in Table 1 along with its physical properties. This film... 

Suggested adhesives include urea-formaldehyde, epoxy-polyamine, neoprene, nitrile-phenolic, styrene-butadiene, phenolic-polyvinyl butyral, polysulfides, furans, polyesters, and polyurethanes. 

Suggested adhesives include modified acrylics, epoxies, polyesters, resorcinol-formaldehyde, furane, phenol-formaldehyde, polyvinyl formal-phenolic, polyvinyl butyral, nitrile rubber-phenolic, polyisobutylene rubber, polyurethane rubber, reclaimed rubber, melamine-formaldehyde, epoxy-phenolic, and cyanoacrylates. For maximum adhesion primers should be used. Nitrile-phenoUcs give excellent bonds if cured under pressure at temperatures of 149 C. Lower-strength bonds are obtained with most rubber-based adhesives. 

Adhesives recommended are epoxies, phenolic-polyvinyl butyral, epoxy-phenoUc, nitrile-phenolic, polyurethane, neoprene, butadiene-nitrile rubber, cyanoacrylates, resorcinol-polyvinyl butyral, furane, and urea-formaldehyde. 

Phenylene oxide-based resins (Noryl ) epoxy, polyisocyanate, polyvinyl butyral, nitrile rubber, neoprene rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyvinyUdene chloride, and acrylic. Polyethylene-nitrile rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, flexible epoxy, nitrile-phenolic, and water-based (emulsion) adhesives. Polystyrene for these foams (expanded polystyrene (EPS)), aromatic solvent adhesives (e.g., toluol) can cause collapse of the foam cell walls. For this reason, it is advisable to use either 100% solids adhesives or water-based adhesives based on SBR or polyvinyl acetate. Specific adhesives recommended include urea-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyester-isocyanate, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, and reclaim rubber. Polystyrene foam can be bonded satisfactorily with any of the following general adhesive types ... 

Vinyl-phenolics are alloys composed of polyvinyl formal (PVF) - phenolics or polyvinyl butyral (PVB)-phenolics. They are available as liquids and films. In general, vinyl-phenolics have a maximum service temperature of SOT and are equal to phenolic - nitriles in strength. These adhesives are better than epoxies in sandwich structures that require high strength. 

Vinyl-phenolic. Vinyl-phenolic adhesives are based on a combination of phenolic resin with polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl butyral resins. They have excellent shear and peel strength. Room-temperature shear strength as high as 5,000 Ib/in is available. Maximum operating temperature, however, is only 200°F, because the thermoplastic constituent softens at elevated temperatures. Chemical resistance and impact strength are excellent. 

Miscellaneous - Polyvinyl butyral is used as a olear adhesive film to laminate two sheets of glass to form safety glass for car windshields. Phenol formaldehyde resins are used to make brake lining composites, and blends of nitrile rubber and phenolic resin are used to bond brake linings to brake shoes. 

Peel resistance. The straight epoxies cured by either polyamines (amides) or anhydride are poor in peel. Polyvinyl formal-phenol formaldehyde (P/F) and butyral-P/F are moderate but the peel varies with the P/F content. As the P/F content increases, room temperature lap-shear and peel strength decrease but these properties improve at elevated temperatures. The epoxy-polyamides (epoxy-nylon) such as FM1000 (Cyanamid Corp.) give extremely good peel resistance under dry conditions. Hockney (1970) quotes 511N for an adhesive of this type with a strip 25 4 mm wide, peeled at 90°. The peeling... 

Adhesives which incorporate phenol-formaldehyde resins are much used as structural adhesives for metals. They comprise the original polyvinyl formal/PF, and polyvinyl butyral/PF together with nitrile phenolics and epoxy phenolics. The ratio of non-phenolic polymer to the PF resin in the structural adhesives determines the morphology of the material, whether it is two-phased, and which phase is continuous and which discrete. This, in turn, influences the flexibility of the... 

Heat-setting resins cannot be plasticized by low molecular weight plasticizers. Polyvinyl acetals have been claimed for these products. American Cyanamid Co. has suggested polyvinyl acetals or butyrals in an amount of 10 to 25% of the resin for urea and melamine resins. For varnishes and adhesives, combinations of phenolic resins and polyvinyl formal are recommended. Polyvinyl acetals with higher alkyl radicals are suitable for cellulose esters and improve elasticity as well as resistance against water. 

In most widely used two-polymer adhesives, the thermosetting component is phenolic. Phenolic resins are generally compatible, although not easily miscible, with a number of thermoplastic polymers. Particularly good compatibility is demonstrated between conventional alcohol-soluble phenolic resins and polyvinyl esters and acetals. Epoxies are important in two polymer adhesive systems. The most important thermoplastic components are the polyvinyl acetals (polyvinyl formal and butyral) and synthetic rubber, particularly nitrile rubber. Soluble nylons are also an important class. ... 

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