Polyunsaturated fatty acid s

Kinsella, J.E. Interactions among dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. (S.S. Chang award lecture, American Oil Chemists Society Annual meeting, Chicago, IL). Inform 2, 578 (1991). 

Figure 5 The integrated antioxidant defense system comprises both endogenous and dietary-derived antioxidants. GR, glutathione reductase (EC1.6.4.2) GSH, reduced glutathione GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase (EC1.11.1.9) GSSG, oxidized glutathione GST, glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) MSR, methionine sulfoxide reductase (EC1.8.4.5) NADPH and, NADP, are, respectively, the reduced and oxidized forms of the co-factor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid S-AA, sulfur amino-adds SH, sulfydryl SOD, superoxide dismutase (EC1.15.1.1).

Com oil s flavor, color, stabiHty, retained clarity at refrigerator temperatures, polyunsaturated fatty acid composition, and vitamin E content make it a premium vegetable oil. The major uses are frying or salad appHcations (50%) and margarine formulations (35%). 

Fischer S Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoid formation in humans. Adv Lipid Res 1989 23 169. 

Chilliard Y, Ferlay A and Doreau M (2001), Effects of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow s diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids , Livestock Production Science, 70, 31-48. 

Kankaanpaa P., Salminen S.J., Isolauri E. and Lee Y.K. (2001). The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on probiotic growth and adhesion . FEMS Microbiol Lett, 194, 149-53. 

Palakurthi, S. S., Fluckiger, R., Aktas, H., Changolkar, A. K., Shahsafaei, A., Hameit, S., Kilic, E., and Halperin, J. A. (2000). Inhibition of translation initiation mediates the anticancer effect of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid. Cancer Res. 60, 2919-2925. 

Y. Ishida, S. Wakamatsu, H. Yokoi, H. Ontani and S. Tsurge, Compositional analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acid oil by one step thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation in the presence of trimethylsulfonium hydroxide, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 49, 267 276 (1999). 

I. Petitpas, T. Grime, A. A. Bhattacharya, S. Curry, Crystal Structures of Human Serum Albumin Complexed with Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids , J. Mol. Biol. 2001, 314, 955-960. 

Comparison between DNA repair and phospholipid repair The processes that can lead to DNA damage and the type of damage are described in Chapter 9 and Appendix 9.6. The repair processes involve removal of the specific nucleotide(s) by an exonuclease and replacement of the nucleotide by a DNA polymerase. Since the strand must be broken to remove the damage (by an endonuclease) these parts of the strand must be repaired by a ligase. The process is known as excision-repair. Of interest, there is a degree of similarity between the removal of damaged polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids in membranes and replacement with a new fatty acid by two enzymes, a deacylase and an acyltransferase (see above and Chapter 11), and excision-repair of DNA. 

Das U. (2008) Folic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids improve cognitive function and prevent depression, dementia, and Alzheimer s disease — but how and why PLEFA 78 11-19. 

Biosynthesis. Almost all of the body s cells form eicosanoids. Membrane phospholipids that contain the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (20 4 see p.48) provide the starting material. 

Bates D, Cartlidge NE, French JM, Jackson MJ, Nightingale S, Shaw DA, A double-blind controlled trial of long chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment ofmultiple sclerosis,/NeurolNeurosurgPsychiatry 52 18—22, 1989. 

Pitman, M.C., Suits, F., Mackerell, A.D. Jr., Feller, S.E. Molecular-level organization of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in a phosphatidylcholine bilayer containing cholesterol. Biochem. 2004, 43, 15318-28. 

Liu, X., Yamada, N., Maruyama, W., and Osawa, Y. (2008b). Formation of dopamine adducts derived from brain polyunsaturated fatty acids Mechanism for Parkinson s disease.. Biol. Chem. 283,34887-34895. 

Vitamin E may be indicated in some rare forms of anemia such as macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia observed in children with severe malnutrition and the hemolytic anemia seen in premature infants on a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Also anemia s in malabsorption syndromes have shown to be responsive to vitamin E treatment. Finally, hemolysis in patients with the acanthocytosis syndrome, a rare genetic disorder where there is a lack of plasma jS-lipoprotein and consequently no circulating alpha tocopherol, responds to vitamin E treatment. In neonates requiring oxygen therapy vitamin E has been used for its antioxidant properties to prevent the development retrolental fibroplasia. It should be noted that high dose vitamin E supplements are associated with an increased risk in allcause mortality. 

CN094 Tappia, P. S. and R. E. Grimble. Complex modulation of cytokine induction by endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor from peritoneal macrophages of rats by diets containing fats of different saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition. Clin Sci(Lond) 1994 87(2) 173-178. 

Birch, E.E., Garfield, S., Hoffman, D.R., Uauy, R., and Birch, D.G. (2000) A randomized controlled trial of early dietary supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and mental development in term infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 42 174-181. 

Scott, D.T., Janowsky, J.S., Carroll, R.E., Taylor, J.A., Auestad, N., and Montalto, M.B. (1998) Formula supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are there developmental benefits Pediatrics 102 E59. 

Cabanes, A., Wang, M., Olivo, S., Gustafsson, J., and Hilakivi-Clarke, L. (2003). Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on breast cancer progression. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 12 (1305S). 

Ferrucci, L., Cherubini, A., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Corsi, A., Lauretani, F., Martin, A., Andres-Lacueva, C., Senin, U., and Guralnik, J. M. (2006). Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 439-446. 

Ruxton, C.H.S., Calder, P.C., Reed, S.C., Simpson, M.J.A. (2005). The impact of long-chain co-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health. Nutrition Research Reviews, 18, 113-129. 

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